One Nation, One Election: A Necessity and a Feasibility.

The notion of holding elections to the Lok Sabha and the state assemblies at separate intervals, rather than concurrently, has been a matter of frequent debate within the nation. The idea of “One Nation, One Election,” long discussed in political corridors, recently gained renewed momentum. On the 1st of September, 2023, the Union Minister for Parliamentary Affairs, Shri Pralhad Joshi, announced the formation of a committee under the esteemed chairmanship of former President Shri Ram Nath Kovind. This committee was charged with the task of considering the feasibility of simultaneous elections, and it has been urged to deliver its recommendations expeditiously.

The concept itself is far from novel. Since 2014, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi have consistently championed the cause. Notably, in his 2019 Independence Day address, the Prime Minister remarked that, following the successful implementation of ‘One Nation, One Tax’ in the form of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), the demand for ‘One Nation, One Election’ had gained considerable traction. He reiterated this position in discussions with various political parties after returning to power and underscored the necessity of this electoral reform during a meeting of presiding officers in November 2020, declaring it not merely a subject of debate, but a pressing national need.

Additionally, the Law Commission has engaged with this subject in recent years. Its draft report from August 2018 touched upon the need for unified elections, while an earlier report by the Commission, chaired by Justice B. P. Jeevan Reddy, had raised the matter as early as 1999 in its 170th report. In that report, the Commission noted that such a reform would require careful and deliberate execution. Moreover, the Parliamentary Standing Committee has also voiced its support for this initiative, echoing the broader call for synchronised elections across the country.

History reveals that the idea of simultaneous elections is, in truth, deeply rooted in India’s democratic past. From the inaugural elections after independence until the year 1967, both Lok Sabha and state assembly elections were conducted together, thus making the concept of “One Nation, One Election” a reality for nearly two decades. However, the dissolution of certain state assemblies in 1968 and 1969 necessitated fresh elections at different intervals, effectively disrupting this practice. Since that time, India has held elections in staggered phases, a divergence from its earlier uniformity.

Thus, the discussion today seeks not to introduce an unprecedented idea, but rather to revive a practice that was once integral to the electoral framework of the country. Is the concept of ‘One Nation, One Election’ truly a necessity for the country and its citizens, or is it merely a matter of political or administrative convenience? Such a question naturally arises in the minds of the common populace. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party has been a steadfast advocate for this notion. In contrast, the principal opposition party, the Indian National Congress, has generally assumed an adversarial stance, arguing that India’s federal structure could be imperiled by such an arrangement. Congress has hinted that the very essence of the federal system may be eroded, a stance that, perhaps, betrays a certain opportunism in their political calculus.

Regional parties, too, have expressed varying degrees of opposition. Some have outright rejected the proposal, while others tread more cautiously. Proponents of the idea cite fiscal prudence, suggesting that the unification of elections would drastically curtail the expenses associated with frequent electoral cycles. Moreover, they argue that such a reform would liberate the administrative machinery from the perpetual state of electoral engagement.

However, the detractors of this idea contend that simultaneous elections might disproportionately shift the electorate’s focus towards national issues, thereby eclipsing the significance of state-level concerns. There is a palpable fear that regional identities may become secondary and that the party with a charismatic national leader would gain undue advantage. At present, the opposition’s contention is that, with the Bharatiya Janata Party boasting a leader of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s stature, the party would inevitably reap benefits, not only in the Lok Sabha elections but also in the state assembly contests. Thus, it becomes imperative to examine, beyond the veil of politics, whether the concept of ‘One Nation, One Election’ serves the interests of democracy itself and, more crucially, the citizens for whom this system exists.

To gain clarity, one might reflect upon the origins of democracy, which trace back to ancient Greece, nearly two and a half millennia ago. The foundational principle of this system was that governance ought not to reside in the hands of monarchs or a privileged few, nor should it be indifferent to the plight of the citizenry. Instead, the collective will of the people was to guide the administration, embodying the very essence of democracy. In Athens, where the earliest experiments with this form of governance were conducted, the population was modest, allowing for the direct involvement of all citizens in decision-making processes. As populations swelled, however, this direct democracy gave way to representative governance, where citizens elected individuals to act on their behalf.

In the course of time, constitutions were drafted, and laws enacted to regulate this system, but at its core lay the process of election. This electoral mechanism, the very heartbeat of democracy, became the indispensable method through which representatives were chosen. In modern times, elections remain the bedrock of any democratic society, as no other system can so effectively ensure the selection of a government reflective of the people’s will.

In a country as vast and diverse as India, the complexity of holding elections cannot be overstated. At present, the nation is almost perpetually engaged in the electoral process, with direct and indirect elections being held for the President, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state legislative assemblies, and various local bodies including gram panchayats, municipal corporations, and more. Given this constant engagement, one might say that India is in a permanent state of electoral motion.

Thus, the question of ‘One Nation, One Election’ calls for an in-depth, impartial analysis. While the merits and demerits of this idea are hotly debated, one must ponder whether it strengthens the democratic fabric or risks undermining the very pluralism that defines the Indian state. The process of conducting elections involves an array of intricate tasks: registering voters, annually updating these lists, addressing objections, recording voter migrations, removing the names of deceased voters, classifying the voter lists by booths, and publishing them. Additionally, the issuance of voter identification cards and the maintenance of an enormous database of nearly 950 million eligible voters, within a population of 1.4 billion, requires not only precision but also the capacity to deploy this information efficiently at any given time. Alongside this, the Election Commission must remain vigilant in adhering to the electoral schedule, issuing statutory notifications, and determining and publicizing election timelines. It must implement and enforce the Model Code of Conduct, accept and scrutinize candidate nominations, conduct the elections, oversee the counting of votes, and declare the results. In truth, the governmental machinery is ensnared, or rather ‘entangled,’ in these innumerable responsibilities.

Though there exists an independent Election Commission for national elections and state Election Commissioners for the states, there is no separate administrative apparatus dedicated solely to the election process across the nation. Instead, officers and staff from the revenue, education, and various other departments are deployed to carry out electoral duties. This, naturally, disrupts their routine work and the public services they are meant to deliver, causing a significant adverse impact on daily administration. Furthermore, the cost incurred for these electoral activities is enormous.

This speaks to the administrative entanglement, but the repercussions stretch even further. Due to the constant cycle of elections, the Model Code of Conduct remains perpetually in place, leading to the suspension of various development projects. This halt in progress leaves a lasting, detrimental impression on the public psyche. These are merely the consequences within the governmental sphere, where the election machinery operates in perpetual motion. Yet, within the political arena, the winds of electioneering blow year-round, raising pressing social concerns and casting doubt upon whether democracy has veered towards an unhealthy distortion. Has the democratic spirit succumbed to a distorted reality?

Ideally, democracy is a system of governance that ought to be driven by the collective unity of all citizens. Yet, of late, political parties, their ideologies, the lust for power, and the pursuit of financial and other benefits have become the defining traits of the political landscape. Democracy has evolved beyond the mere concept of ‘people’s representatives.’ It has expanded to encompass the vast structure of ‘political workers,’ with party members, office bearers, booth representatives, and state and national organizers forming a sprawling network. This political apparatus, fueled by incessant elections, remains active round-the-clock, twelve months a year.

So deeply entrenched is this culture of political workers that one may even question whether many of these individuals engage in any other form of livelihood. It is not unreasonable to assume that political parties must spend enormous sums of money to sustain this cadre of workers. In fact, the entire political machinery, through its ever-expanding network of operatives, seems to have morphed into a business enterprise of sorts. The money required to sustain these operations is often derived from donations or electoral bonds, channeled by industrialists and businesspersons.

Yet, this is no benign transaction. For the funds that political parties receive, ostensibly in the form of donations or bonds, are drawn from the profits of businesses, which, in turn, are generated from the goods and services purchased by the public. It is as clear as daylight that, ultimately, the vast sums of money fueling political activities, which run non-stop throughout the year, come from the pockets of the people themselves! It must be acknowledged that the entire expenditure borne by the government and political parties during elections is ultimately sourced from the pockets of the citizens. According to a survey report conducted by the Center for Media Studies, political parties expended a staggering sum of approximately ₹55,000 crores during the 2019 Lok Sabha elections. If we were to consider an estimate of the overall expenditure for elections to the Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha, and local governing bodies, it might well account for between one to two percent of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This inevitable deployment of political workers ensures that the costs of politics and elections persist across the entire five-year cycle.

Secondly, in a democracy, once the people’s representatives have been elected and have formed a government, they cease to be mere representatives of their political parties. Instead, they ascend to the role of custodians of the central, state, or local self-governance bodies, and are no longer expected to engage in partisan politics. However, the relentless cycle of elections forces these representatives to continue operating as party spokespersons or leaders, constantly engaging in campaign mode. As a result, governance, far from remaining the neutral administration it ought to be, morphs into a perpetual form of political maneuvering—leading not to true democracy, but to what may more accurately be termed as “politicism.”

A third, and equally significant concern, is the absence of an independent administrative apparatus exclusively dedicated to conducting elections. This lack of dedicated machinery means that the government’s resources are perennially diverted to managing electoral processes throughout the year. More dangerously, the imposition of the Model Code of Conduct repeatedly halts developmental projects, adversely affecting the smooth functioning of day-to-day administration, stalling economic progress, and, ultimately, harming democracy itself.

To avoid these detrimental effects, the adoption of the ‘One Country – One Election’ model must eventually be considered, for without it, the damage wrought upon the nation will continue unabated. Admittedly, the concept of ‘One Country – One Election’ may now seem archaic; however, its proper implementation could yield benefits unforeseen by earlier critiques.

In a democratic system, citizens are required to cast their votes on three separate occasions—first, for the Lok Sabha; second, for the Vidhan Sabha; and third, for the local self-governing bodies. If we estimate the electorate to consist of 950 million eligible voters, then this three-tier structure necessitates a total of 2.85 billion votes being cast every five years. The notion of ‘One Country – One Election’ has evolved, especially following the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments of 1993, which integrated local self-government elections with those of the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha. If local body elections are excluded from the ‘One Country – One Election’ framework, the very essence of this proposal will be rendered hollow, and the detrimental ‘politicism’ associated with these local elections will persist unabated. Against this backdrop, the notion of ‘One Country – One Election’ must encompass the simultaneous holding of elections for the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and Local Self-Government institutions. Should the nation resolve to implement this concept, it need not prove overly difficult. However, it would necessitate amendments to the Constitution, the Representation of the People Act, and other relevant legal frameworks. These changes would serve two purposes: the first, to create a temporary arrangement to synchronize the electoral timelines, and the second, to ensure that this arrangement becomes a permanent feature of governance.

As part of the temporary modifications, the term of some Lok Sabha, State Assemblies, or local bodies may need to be extended, while that of others may require curtailment. For the ‘One Country – One Election’ system to be established permanently, the term of all such governing bodies must be fixed at five years without exception. To achieve this, amendments to Article 83 of the Constitution, which governs the duration of the Lok Sabha, and Article 172, pertaining to the duration of State Assemblies, would be necessary. Likewise, the provisions of Articles 243-E and 243-U, which define the five-year term for Local Self-Government bodies, would also require harmonization.

In exceptional circumstances—such as the creation of a new state or local governing body—if midterm elections are required, they must be confined to filling the remaining duration of the term. Thereafter, the elections for all governing bodies would once again occur simultaneously. Additionally, to prevent premature dissolution of the Lok Sabha, State Assemblies, or Local Self-Government bodies, further constitutional amendments would be required to ensure greater stability. For instance, modifications to the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution may be proposed to curb large-scale defections, which could destabilize governments. An amendment might decree that if elected representatives wish to defect, regardless of their number, they would automatically forfeit their seats, thus negating the prospect of governmental collapse.

Moreover, additional constitutional reforms could mandate that, in the event a parliamentary or assembly seat becomes vacant due to death, resignation, or any other cause, the candidate who stood second in the previous election would automatically assume the seat, thereby eliminating the need for by-elections. Naturally, these suggestions are merely representative in nature, and any such reforms would require thorough deliberation and detailed study of the Constitution and corresponding laws.

One thing remains certain, however: the practical implementation of the ‘One Country – One Election’ concept is indeed feasible. For this to come to fruition, it is imperative that there be not only popular demand from the citizenry but also a genuine political will to embrace such a transformation.

If this concept is implemented, it is indeed true that democracy can be fortified! Yet, is the notion of ‘One Nation, One Election’ genuinely a necessity for the nation and its citizens, or is it merely being discussed for political or administrative reasons, or for some other purpose? It is natural for the general populace to question this. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party, of course, supports this concept. In contrast, the principal opposition party, the Congress, seems to have adopted a generally adversarial stance. The Congress party appears to hold a somewhat dubious position, suggesting that the federal nature of India could be undermined by the ‘One Nation, One Election’ concept. Numerous regional political parties have also opposed this idea to varying degrees, while some are adopting a cautious approach regarding it. Generally, those in favor of ‘One Nation, One Election’ argue that it would reduce election-related expenses, prevent permanent administrative involvement, and so forth. Critics of this concept argue that if both Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly elections were held simultaneously, the focus might shift more towards national issues, overshadowing state-specific concerns. Moreover, parties with charismatic or nationally influential leadership would likely benefit disproportionately. Presently, the Bharatiya Janata Party, with its nationally popular leader, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, is believed to stand to gain from such a shift in election timing. Thus, it is imperative to undertake a politics-free analysis of whether ‘One Nation, One Election’ is truly necessary for democracy and for the citizens who are the essence of this democratic system. Let us, as impartial analysts, cast a discerning eye upon this matter!

Democracy, as a system, originated approximately two and a half thousand years ago in Greece, where the fundamental concept was to ensure that the governance, instead of being concentrated in the hands of a monarch or a few powerful individuals, was carried out in a manner that prevented suffering to the populace, allowing decisions to be made collectively by all citizens. Of course, during the initial experiment of democracy in Athens, the population was small, in the mere thousands, thus making it feasible to consider every citizen’s opinion on each decision (notably, women, slaves, and others were excluded from voting rights). As populations grew and the concept of democracy evolved, involving every citizen in each decision became impractical, leading to the development of a system wherein citizens elected representatives to manage governance on their behalf. This necessitated the establishment of constitutions and laws. The core importance of this system lies in the election of representatives, with the election process becoming the very soul of democracy. At present, there exists no alternative to elections for the establishment of governance in any democracy. Hence, the practice of elections is deeply embedded in democratic processes.

In a vast country like India, the significance of elections is magnified due to its immense scope. Conducting elections in such a vast and populous nation is an enormous challenge. In India, elections are a perennial process, encompassing presidential, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state legislative assemblies, municipal bodies, and more, with both direct and indirect elections happening throughout the year. In other words, the nation is perpetually in an election mode! The foundational tasks of preparing and maintaining accurate electoral rolls for around 95 crore voters, handling annual updates, addressing grievances, managing voter transfers, removing deceased voters, categorizing voter lists booth-wise, and ensuring the availability of voter identity cards are immense. Additionally, overseeing the scheduling of elections, issuing statutory notifications, setting and announcing election dates, enforcing the Model Code of Conduct, accepting and scrutinizing candidacy applications, conducting actual elections, counting votes, and declaring results involve a myriad of governmental tasks, leading to an administrative entanglement in the electoral process.

Although a separate Election Commission oversees national elections and State Election Commissioners manage those at the state level, there exists no distinct administrative apparatus for elections throughout the country. The duties of revenue, education, and other departmental staff are subsumed by election-related responsibilities. Consequently, their core functions and the services they are meant to provide to the public suffer detrimentally. Such disruptions incur substantial costs. This is merely one aspect of administrative congestion; however, it is equally crucial to note that continuous electoral cycles halt numerous developmental projects due to the Model Code of Conduct, thereby exerting a lasting adverse impact on the public psyche. This is the unintended consequence of the electoral fervor engulfing government circles.

In the political realm, elections perpetually loom throughout the year, engendering social issues and casting doubt on whether democracy is veering towards distortion. Democracy, fundamentally, is intended to be a system governed by the collective unity of all citizens. Yet, contemporary political parties, with their ideological fervor, power ambitions, and pursuit of financial and other benefits, have turned into enduring elements of the political landscape. The concept of ‘people’s representative’ has now evolved into an extensive network of ‘political workers,’ encompassing a broad array of party members, office bearers, and booth representatives at both state and national levels. This political system operates ceaselessly, year-round, owing to the constant election cycles. The entrenched ‘activist culture’ is so deeply rooted that one might question whether many of these activists engage in any other occupation for sustenance. Political parties, benefiting from the low-cost nature of maintaining their cadres, have contributed to a scenario where politics seems to have transformed into a business driven by activist networks. The costs incurred are ultimately offset by donations from industries, professionals, or election bonds. However, it is misleading to assume that such expenditures are merely funded through donations or bonds, as these contributions stem from profits derived from public services or goods. In essence, the financial resources political parties allocate to politics for twelve months emanate from the pockets of the public.

It must be acknowledged that all expenditures related to elections, whether by the government or political parties, are ultimately borne by citizens. A survey conducted by the Center for Media Studies reveals that political parties expended approximately ₹55,000 crore in the 2019 Lok Sabha elections. Estimating the total expenditure on elections for the Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha, and local bodies, it amounts to approximately one to two percent of India’s GDP. The employment of political workers is an inevitable aspect of elections, leading to a continuous cycle of political and election-related expenditures over the entire five-year term.

Furthermore, in a democracy, once elected, representatives should transcend their political party affiliations and govern as leaders of central, state, or local self-government bodies. They are expected to refrain from political campaigning. However, the perpetual election cycle necessitates that these representatives function as political party representatives or leaders, remaining in a constant state of campaigning. This has transformed governance into a ‘politicism’ rather than a true democracy.

Moreover, the absence of an independent administrative mechanism for elections results in perpetual election-related activity, significantly impacting developmental projects and daily administration. This poses a grave threat to the country’s administration, development, economy, and, most importantly, its democratic integrity.

To mitigate these issues, the adoption of the ‘One Nation, One Election’ approach is imperative, lest the country continue to suffer profound and lasting damage. Nonetheless, it must be recognized that the concept of ‘One Nation, One Election’ is now considered outdated, and if implemented in its current form, it may not yield favorable results.

In a democracy, the electorate is called upon to exercise its franchise three times: for the Lok Sabha, the Vidhan Sabha, and the Local Self-Government. With an electorate of 95 crore voters, each voter is thus required to cast their ballot thrice within each five-year term, totaling an impressive 285 crore votes. The notion of ‘One Nation, One Election’ has evolved in accordance with the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments post-1993, encompassing elections for the Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha, and local self-government bodies. If local government elections are not included within this framework, the fundamental concept loses its significance, and the issues stemming from ‘politicism’ in local governance will persist.

In this context, for the concept of ‘One Nation, One Election’ to be effective, it must encompass simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha, and local self-government bodies. Once a nation commits to this principle, implementation is not overly complex. However, it necessitates amendments to the Constitution, the Representation of the People Act, and related statutes. Such amendments would be required both as temporary measures and for the sustenance of the arrangement. Temporarily, adjustments may involve extending or shortening the tenures of certain Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha, or local body representatives. To perpetually enshrine the concept of ‘One Nation, One Election,’ it is imperative to standardize the tenure of these institutions to five years. This necessitates amendments to Article 83 of the Constitution for the Lok Sabha, Article 172 for the Vidhan Sabhas, and provisions under Articles 243-E and 243-U for local self-government bodies. In cases of exceptional circumstances like the creation of new states or local bodies necessitating mid-term elections, representatives would serve only the remaining period of those five years, with subsequent elections aligning with the established schedule.

Constitutional amendments must ensure that the dissolution of the Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha, or self-governing bodies does not occur within the five-year term. For instance, the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution should be revised to preclude large-scale party defections and instability. Such an amendment would stipulate that representatives changing parties, regardless of their number, would be deemed automatically disqualified, thereby preventing governmental destabilization and institutional fragmentation. Additionally, another constitutional revision should allow for the automatic succession of the number two candidate in the event of a representative’s death, resignation, or other vacancy, obviating the need for by-elections. These suggestions are preliminary and would necessitate comprehensive examination and revision of constitutional and related laws. It is unequivocally feasible to implement the ‘One Nation, One Election’ concept in practical terms, provided there is sufficient public pressure and political will.

It remains an incontrovertible truth that the implementation of this concept could indeed fortify democracy!

-Mahesh Zagade, IAS(rtd)

Preserving Political Neutrality in Post-Retirement Appointments of Bureaucrats and Judges: A Democratic Imperative

The strength of any democracy lies in its commitment to maintaining fairness, neutrality, and an unwavering adherence to the rule of law. The framework of governance, as defined by the Constitution of India, envisages a state where executive, legislative, and judicial functions operate independently and without fear or favor. In this context, the role of the bureaucracy and judiciary stands paramount. These institutions form the pillars that hold the democratic structure in place, ensuring that decisions are made based on merit, legality, and the broader public interest, untainted by partisan influence. However, the practice of appointing retired senior officials and judges to various statutory bodies, tribunals, commissions, and gubernatorial positions under the Constitution raises questions about the potential erosion of this neutrality.

It is a well-established practice in India to appoint retired bureaucrats, judges, and senior officials to positions of responsibility in various constitutional or statutory bodies. Such appointments serve the dual purpose of tapping into the wealth of experience and wisdom accumulated by these individuals over their careers and providing continued service to the nation after they leave office. These individuals, having dedicated decades to the intricacies of governance and justice, are seen as invaluable assets, whose knowledge can be utilized for the larger public good. The rationale behind these appointments is rooted in the belief that their experience and mature judgment will contribute significantly to the functioning of critical state machinery.

However, in recent years, concerns have emerged about the implications of these post-retirement appointments, particularly in the context of political neutrality. The independence of the bureaucracy and judiciary is fundamental to the success of democracy, and any perception of these institutions being compromised can erode public confidence in their functioning. On this background, let us explore the potential challenges posed by the current system of post-retirement appointments and propose a reform that could ensure greater neutrality and integrity within these systems.

1.The Role of the Bureaucracy and Judiciary in a Democracy

At the heart of any democratic system lies the bureaucracy, which is tasked with implementing the policies and decisions of the elected government. The judiciary, on the other hand, serves as the interpreter of the Constitution and the guardian of legal rights and justice. Both institutions are designed to function independently, without being influenced by the political machinations of the ruling party or opposition. They are tasked with upholding the law, safeguarding public interest, and ensuring that decisions are made in an unbiased and legally sound manner.

Given the immense responsibility they shoulder, it is essential that bureaucrats and judges maintain neutrality during their service and after their retirement. Their decisions, whether related to governance or justice, should reflect the rule of law rather than the will of a particular political party. In India, where political competition is fierce and parties often vie for power using every available means, the neutrality of the bureaucratic and judicial apparatus becomes even more critical.

2.The Post-Retirement Appointment System

Post-retirement appointments, as they currently exist, are aimed at ensuring continuity in governance by tapping into the expertise of those who have held high positions in the administration or judiciary. This practice has long been justified as a way of utilizing the knowledge base and experience of individuals who have a deep understanding of the system, policies, and functioning of government institutions.

Positions such as chairmanships, memberships in statutory tribunals, leadership of commissions, governorships, and other constitutionally created bodies often go to retired bureaucrats or judges. These appointments offer the government access to individuals with substantial experience in governance, policy-making, and the interpretation of law. In many cases, these individuals are also seen as providing a stabilizing influence in these roles, given their mature outlook and years of service in senior capacities.

3.Challenges to Political Neutrality

Despite the benefits of retaining experienced officials in key roles, there is growing concern that the system of post-retirement appointments is increasingly being influenced by political considerations. As political parties intensify their efforts to maintain supremacy, there is a risk that retired officials may feel pressured to align themselves with the government in power. In this context, it is worth reflecting on the dangers posed by the potential for bureaucrats and judges to be swayed by political affiliations during their service, knowing that lucrative post-retirement appointments could await those who demonstrate loyalty to the ruling party.

One of the most significant concerns is the impact this practice may have on decision-making during an official’s career. If a bureaucrat or judge anticipates that their future post-retirement assignment could be contingent on their proximity to political leaders, they may be inclined to make decisions that favor the ruling party, even if these decisions are not entirely in accordance with the Constitution or the law. This erosion of neutrality not only undermines the principle of unbiased governance but also distorts the decision-making process, with detrimental consequences for public trust in institutions.

Moreover, the perception that appointments are made based on political loyalty rather than merit can severely damage the credibility of these institutions. When the public observes that officials close to political leaderships are more likely to be appointed to post-retirement roles, it undermines faith in the fairness and impartiality of these appointments. This, in turn, can dent the credibility of democratic governance as a whole, as citizens begin to question whether decisions made by these officials serve the public interest or the interests of the ruling party.

4.The Role of Political Parties

Political parties, especially those in power, wield considerable influence over these appointments. The close proximity of political leaders to senior bureaucrats and judges often leads to a blurring of the lines between administrative independence and political affiliation. The politicization of appointments is not a new phenomenon; however, in recent years, it appears to have intensified.

This issue is compounded by the fact that political parties today operate in an environment of fierce competition, where no effort is spared in the pursuit of electoral victory. In this “no-holds-barred” environment, where parties vie for dominance, the administrative machinery can become a tool in the hands of the political class. The risk is that officials may be co-opted into this power struggle, compromising their neutrality for the sake of securing a future post-retirement appointment.

While political loyalty should never be the determining factor for appointments, there are instances where officials close to the political leadership are favored for post-retirement positions. This practice, barring rare exceptions, reflects poorly on the robustness of India’s democratic ecosystem, which relies heavily on the impartiality of its institutions.

5.A Need for Reform

In light of the challenges highlighted above, it is evident that the system of post-retirement appointments requires reform. While the expertise of retired officials and judges is invaluable, it is imperative that a mechanism be put in place to ensure that these appointments are made in a politically neutral manner.

One possible solution is to discontinue the current practice of appointing retired officials to such positions. Instead, a healthier practice could be instituted by appointing these individuals during their final years of service, thereby ensuring that their decisions are not influenced by the prospect of post-retirement appointments. This approach would involve creating a system whereby officials can express interest in such roles at an appropriate stage in their careers, perhaps around the age of 55. Once selected, they would exit their regular service and assume the post-retirement role immediately.

Such a system would provide several benefits. First, it would ensure that officials are not influenced by political considerations during their service, as they would already have secured their post-retirement assignment. This would safeguard their neutrality and protect the integrity of the decision-making process. Second, it would allow the government to continue benefiting from the experience and wisdom of these officials, while also preserving the independence of the administrative and judicial apparatus.

Additionally, to facilitate this system, the government could consider increasing the cadre strength for such positions, akin to the Central Deputation reserves. This would ensure that a select percentage of posts are reserved for such appointments, allowing for a smooth transition of officials from active service to post-retirement roles.

6.Ensuring Neutrality in a Polarized Environment

In today’s politically charged environment, where parties are locked in an intense struggle for supremacy, ensuring the neutrality of the administrative and judicial apparatus is more important than ever. The bureaucratic and judicial systems must be seen as impartial arbiters of the public interest, not as tools of the ruling party. By reforming the system of post-retirement appointments, we can safeguard the independence of these institutions and reinforce the foundations of India’s democracy.

Ultimately, the strength of a democracy lies in the trust its citizens place in its institutions. When officials are seen to act in a neutral and impartial manner, public confidence in the system grows. However, when appointments are made based on political proximity, this trust is eroded, and the entire democratic framework is put at risk. Therefore, it is imperative that reforms be implemented to preserve the sanctity of these appointments and ensure that the bureaucratic and judicial systems remain free from political interference.

In a nutshell, the practice of appointing retired officials from the All India Services, senior State Services, and the judiciary to key post-retirement roles is one that has served India well in many respects. These individuals bring a wealth of knowledge, experience, and wisdom to their roles, and their contributions are invaluable. However, the increasing politicization of these appointments poses a serious threat to the neutrality of India’s democratic institutions. By implementing reforms that allow for the appointment of officials during their final years of service, we can ensure that their decisions remain free from political influence, thereby preserving the integrity of the administrative and judicial apparatus.

The government must act swiftly and decisively to address this issue, for the future of India’s democracy depends on the neutrality and impartiality of its institutions. By reforming the system of post-retirement appointments, we can ensure that these institutions continue to serve the public interest and uphold the rule of law, free from political interference.

-Mahesh Zagade, IAS(rtd)

A Tribute to the Late Shri Sitaram Yechury: A Statesman with an Unwavering Vision

I had only one opportunity to engage personally with the late Shri Sitaram Yechury, yet that singular interaction left a profound impression. It was the summer of 2011, and I was attending the Phase-IV Mid-Career Training Programme for the 1993 batch of IAS Officers at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA), Mussoorie. In those days, it was customary for the Academy to host distinguished national figures for post-dinner lectures and interactions. One such evening, the invitee was Shri Sitaram Yechury, and what unfolded that night remains etched in my memory.(Another guest who lingers in my memory is Shri Rahul Gandhi. In time, I shall pen my reflections on him.)

After his lecture, a small group of us, captivated by his words, slowly walked with him toward the guest house. The air was cool, the night quiet, and as we strolled, a conversation bloomed. For years, I had nurtured a question, one that always lingered at the intersection of ideology and constitutionalism. So, seizing the moment, I asked him about the relevance of the Communist Party within the framework of the Indian Constitution, given that communism itself represents a distinctive system of governance, one seemingly at odds with the constitutional ethos of a democratic republic.

Shri Yechury’s reply was swift, yet rich in its thoughtfulness. He pointed toward the Directive Principles enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, drawing a direct connection between them and Communist ideology. “They run parallel,” he said, with conviction. “They gel well.” This was no mere assertion. He elaborated with an eloquence that displayed his deep understanding of both constitutional law and the ideals that had shaped his political career. As he spoke, it became clear that, for him, the Directive Principles were not just aspirational words but a reflection of the very fabric of socialism, justice, and equality that he championed throughout his life.

What struck me most was not merely the content of his argument but the passion with which he spoke. His deep resolve, his clarity of purpose, and his unwavering commitment to the cause of India’s weaker sections shone through. It was a glimpse into the mind of a man whose life had been dedicated to raising the living standards of the masses, often the forgotten or marginalized in our vast nation.

Shri Sitaram Yechury was not merely a politician. He was a statesman whose idealism, shaped by the crucible of struggle, was always tempered with the pragmatism necessary for leadership in a country as diverse and complex as India. He embodied the tension between ideological purity and practical governance, always striving to find the balance that would best serve the people he fought for.

In an era where political discourse often descends into cynicism and opportunism, Yechury stood apart. His was a lifelong mission grounded in principles. He believed that economic justice, social equity, and the dignity of labor were not just slogans but achievable realities. He held a vision for India where these ideals were woven into the very governance of the state.

As I reflect on that evening in Mussoorie, I am reminded of the power of intellectual dialogue and the importance of staying true to one’s principles. Shri Sitaram Yechury was a towering figure who contributed immeasurably to India’s political and social landscape. His voice was one of reason, his actions those of compassion, and his vision unclouded by the distractions of power.

With his passing, India has lost not just a leader, but a guardian of its social conscience. His life was a testament to the power of conviction, and in his death, we are reminded of the enduring relevance of his ideals. I deeply mourn his loss, yet I also celebrate a life that was lived with purpose, a mind that was resolute, and a spirit that sought to uplift the most vulnerable among us.

May his legacy continue to inspire, and may we find in ourselves the courage to pursue, with equal determination, the just and equitable India that Shri Sitaram Yechury envisioned.

-Mahesh Zagade

Physical Activity: The Cornerstone of Effective Stress Management

(Endorsed by my personal experience.)

In the modern world, stress has become an almost ubiquitous part of daily life. The demands of work, family, and society, coupled with the constant barrage of information and expectations, have made stress an unavoidable reality for many. While some stress can be beneficial, motivating us to perform better, chronic stress has been linked to a host of physical and mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, heart disease, and a weakened immune system. In the search for effective ways to manage stress, physical activity emerges not merely as a recommendation but as an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. I found myself in a work environment that was an absolute stressful—a chaotic ecosystem largely of my own making. Why? Because I had this peculiar knack for “swimming against the strong current of the administrative river.” Naturally, I had to figure out a way to keep my sanity intact. So, I took up evening jogs, clocking in a cool 12 kilometers. And voilà! Not only did I shake off the stress, but I also dodged the usual suspects—high blood pressure, elevated sugar levels, cholesterol, you name it. To top it off, my memory remained as robust as ever, and my decision-making skills are now in tip-top shape.

The Link Between Stress and Physical Health

Before delving into the benefits of physical activity, it is important to understand the profound impact that stress can have on the body. When we encounter a stressful situation, our bodies respond by releasing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare us for a “fight or flight” response. While this response is useful in short bursts, chronic stress keeps the body in a prolonged state of alertness, which can lead to serious health problems.

Research published by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 2022 highlights the alarming effects of chronic stress on the body. According to the report, prolonged exposure to stress can cause inflammation, increase blood pressure, and contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, stress has been found to weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and illnesses. It is within this context that the role of physical activity becomes critically important.

Physical Activity: The Natural Stress Reliever

Physical activity is often touted for its ability to improve physical health, but its benefits extend far beyond the physical realm. Numerous studies have demonstrated that regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to manage stress and improve mental well-being.

One of the key mechanisms by which physical activity alleviates stress is through the release of endorphins. Endorphins, often referred to as “feel-good” hormones, are neurotransmitters that reduce pain and promote feelings of pleasure and euphoria. Engaging in physical activity stimulates the production of endorphins, which can help to counteract the negative effects of stress. A study published in The Journal of Neuroscience in 2021 found that individuals who engaged in regular physical activity had significantly higher levels of endorphins compared to those who led a sedentary lifestyle. This increase in endorphins was correlated with lower levels of perceived stress and greater overall well-being.

Moreover, physical activity has been shown to reduce levels of cortisol, the hormone most closely associated with stress. A 2020 study published in the journal Psychoneuroendocrinology examined the effects of a 12-week exercise program on cortisol levels in a group of stressed adults. The results indicated that participants who engaged in regular physical activity had significantly lower cortisol levels compared to those who did not exercise. This reduction in cortisol was accompanied by improvements in mood, sleep quality, and overall stress resilience.

The Role of Physical Activity in Cognitive Function

In addition to its direct effects on stress hormones, physical activity also plays a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing cognitive function, which is often impaired by chronic stress. Stress can negatively impact memory, concentration, and decision-making abilities, all of which are essential for managing daily challenges.

Recent research has shed light on the neuroprotective effects of physical activity. A 2022 study published in the journal Nature Reviews Neuroscience found that regular exercise promotes the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory and learning. This neurogenesis is believed to counteract the detrimental effects of stress on the brain, helping to preserve cognitive function even in the face of chronic stress. The study also highlighted the role of exercise in increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival and growth of neurons. Higher levels of BDNF have been linked to improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

Furthermore, physical activity has been shown to enhance executive function, which includes skills such as problem-solving, planning, and emotional regulation. These skills are particularly important for managing stress effectively. A meta-analysis published in Psychological Bulletin in 2021 reviewed 29 studies on the effects of exercise on executive function. The analysis concluded that both aerobic and resistance exercises significantly improved executive function, particularly in individuals under high levels of stress. The authors of the study suggested that the improvement in executive function could help individuals better manage stress by enhancing their ability to plan, prioritize, and regulate emotions.

Physical Activity and Sleep Quality

One of the most insidious effects of stress is its impact on sleep. Stress can lead to insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns, which in turn exacerbate stress, creating a vicious cycle. Sleep is crucial for mental and physical recovery, and without adequate rest, the body and mind become more susceptible to the negative effects of stress.

Physical activity has been widely recognized as a natural remedy for improving sleep quality. According to a 2021 report by the National Sleep Foundation, regular exercise can help people fall asleep faster and enjoy deeper, more restorative sleep. The report also noted that individuals who engage in regular physical activity are less likely to experience insomnia and other sleep disorders.

A study published in Sleep Medicine Reviews in 2020 explored the relationship between exercise and sleep in individuals with chronic stress. The researchers found that participants who engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity reported significant improvements in sleep quality and duration. These improvements were accompanied by reductions in stress levels and better overall mental health. The study’s findings suggest that incorporating regular physical activity into one’s routine can be a powerful strategy for breaking the cycle of stress and poor sleep.

Types of Physical Activity for Stress Management

While any form of physical activity can be beneficial for managing stress, certain types of exercise may be particularly effective. Aerobic exercises, such as running, swimming, and cycling, are well-known for their ability to elevate heart rate and release endorphins. These activities have been extensively studied and are consistently linked to reductions in stress and anxiety.

For example, a 2021 study published in The Journal of Sports Medicine examined the effects of aerobic exercise on stress in a group of office workers. The study found that participants who engaged in 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, three times a week, reported significant reductions in stress levels and improvements in mood after just eight weeks. The researchers concluded that aerobic exercise is an effective and accessible way to manage stress in everyday life.

Strength training, or resistance exercise, also offers significant benefits for stress management. A 2020 study published in The American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine found that participants who engaged in regular strength training experienced not only physical improvements but also psychological benefits, including reduced stress and anxiety. The study’s authors suggested that the sense of accomplishment and mastery that comes from strength training may contribute to these mental health benefits.

Mind-body exercises, such as yoga and tai chi, combine physical movement with mindfulness and deep breathing, making them particularly effective for stress management. A meta-analysis published in *The Journal of Behavioral Medicine* in 2022 reviewed 15 studies on the effects of yoga on stress. The analysis found that yoga practitioners consistently reported lower levels of stress and greater emotional well-being compared to non-practitioners. The researchers highlighted the role of yoga in reducing cortisol levels and enhancing parasympathetic nervous system activity, which promotes relaxation and recovery from stress.

Barriers to Physical Activity and Strategies to Overcome Them

Despite the clear benefits of physical activity for stress management, many people struggle to incorporate regular exercise into their lives. Common barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to facilities. Additionally, individuals who are already experiencing high levels of stress may find it difficult to start and maintain an exercise routine.

Addressing these barriers requires a multifaceted approach. Time management is often cited as the primary obstacle to regular physical activity. However, research suggests that even short bouts of exercise can be effective for reducing stress. A study published in The Lancet Psychiatry in 2019 found that just 10 minutes of physical activity per day was associated with significant reductions in stress and anxiety. The researchers emphasized that every bit of movement counts and encouraged people to find ways to integrate physical activity into their daily routines, whether through walking, taking the stairs, or engaging in quick home workouts.

For those struggling with motivation, setting realistic goals and finding activities that are enjoyable can make a significant difference. A 2020 study published in *The Journal of Behavioral Health* found that individuals who chose physical activities they enjoyed were more likely to stick with their exercise routines and experience stress relief. The study’s authors recommended that people experiment with different types of exercise to find what works best for them, whether it’s a group class, a solo run, or a dance session in the living room.

Access to facilities can also be a barrier, particularly for those living in urban or underserved areas. However, the rise of online fitness programs and virtual classes has made physical activity more accessible than ever. According to a 2021 report by the American College of Sports Medicine, the use of online fitness resources increased by 76% during the COVID-19 pandemic. These resources provide a wide range of options for people to engage in physical activity from the comfort of their homes, making it easier to overcome logistical challenges.

The Broader Implications of Physical Activity for Society

The benefits of physical activity for stress management extend beyond the individual. When people are less stressed, they are more productive, creative, and engaged in their work and communities. A 2022 report by the World Health Organization (WHO) highlighted the economic impact of stress-related health issues, estimating that stress costs the global economy $1 trillion annually in lost productivity. The report emphasized the importance of promoting physical activity as a public health strategy to reduce the burden of stress on individuals and society as a whole.

Furthermore, the promotion of physical activity can contribute to the reduction of healthcare costs. A 2020 study published in The Lancet Global Health found that increasing physical activity levels worldwide could prevent 5

million deaths annually and save $67.5 billion in healthcare costs. These findings underscore the importance of integrating physical activity into public health policies and programs as a means of improving overall well-being and reducing the economic burden of stress-related diseases.

A Call to Action

The physical activity is not just a recommendation; it is a necessity for effective stress management. The evidence is clear: regular exercise reduces stress hormones, improves cognitive function, enhances sleep quality, and promotes overall mental and physical well-being. As stress continues to be a pervasive issue in modern society, it is imperative that individuals, communities, and policymakers recognize the critical role of physical activity in mitigating its effects.

The barriers to physical activity are real, but they are not insurmountable. By making small, sustainable changes to incorporate movement into daily life, individuals can take control of their stress levels and improve their quality of life. At the same time, there is a need for broader societal efforts to promote physical activity through public health initiatives, workplace wellness programs, and community resources.

Ultimately, the benefits of physical activity extend far beyond the individual. By prioritizing physical activity as a key component of stress management, we can create healthier, more resilient communities and reduce the economic burden of stress-related health issues. As we move forward in an increasingly complex and demanding world, let us embrace physical activity as a powerful tool for managing stress and enhancing the well-being of society as a whole.

(Disclaimer: The author is not a health professional.)

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Mahesh Zagade

The Colour Pink: A Study in Chromatic Significance.

Abstract

In the grand pantheon of the visible spectrum, no hue has stirred the passions of poets, perplexed the minds of psychologists, or provoked the ire of cultures quite like pink. With the utmost seriousness, let’s understand, the undeniable supremacy of pink in the realms of human psychology, cross-cultural symbolism, biology, literature, and even among our unsuspecting animal kin. For what other color has been so unjustly relegated to the nursery, so maligned by machismo, and yet, so pervasively present in the underbelly of every serious discourse?

Introduction

In a world beset by the harsh dichotomies of black and white, where only the sternest of grays are permitted to occupy the space between, pink stands as the eternal enfant terrible—a color neither here nor there, but everywhere. Long dismissed as the idle fancy of children and the frivolous domain of the fairer sex, pink has been grievously misunderstood.

The Psychological Implications of Pink

Psychologists, in their relentless quest to categorize and label every nuance of human experience, have long debated the significance of pink. The color is often lauded for its calming properties, as evidenced by the numerous “Baker-Miller Pink” prison cells, where the recalcitrant are softened by the gentle embrace of this most innocuous hue. Yet, could it be that beneath this placid exterior lies a nefarious agent of subversion? Indeed, how many a rebellion has been sparked by the sight of pink tutus, defying societal norms with an audacity that belies their dainty appearance?

Moreover, the association of pink with femininity has long been a double-edged sword. While some extol its virtues as a symbol of compassion and nurturing, others decry it as a prison for the female psyche, a chromatic corset binding women to roles as outdated as the crinoline. Yet, in recent years, pink has staged a resurgence as a color of empowerment, with “millennial pink” becoming the rallying cry of a generation determined to subvert the very stereotypes that once confined it.

Pink in Cultural Contexts: A Global Journey

Across the globe, pink weaves a tapestry as varied as the cultures that venerate—or vilify—it. In the West, it is a color of duality: simultaneously a signifier of innocence and a harbinger of gendered expectations. Yet, venture to the East, and one finds pink imbued with a more spiritual significance. In Japan, the fleeting beauty of cherry blossoms—a soft pink—symbolizes the transience of life itself, a poetic reflection on mortality that contrasts sharply with the West’s more materialistic inclinations.

In India, pink takes on a more vibrant persona, celebrated in the festival of Holi, where it is splashed upon revelers in an explosion of joy and color. In Mexico, pink—particularly in the form of the vivid Rosa mexicano—serves as a proud emblem of national identity, a defiant rejection of the somber and the subdued. And yet, across all these cultures, the question remains: does pink unify or divide, uplift or oppress?

The Role of Pink in Human Behavior: A Chromatic Conundrum

When one considers the influence of pink on human behavior, the paradoxes abound. Pink is, at once, a color of passion and of passivity. It is the blush of a first love and the pallor of a fainting maiden. In fashion, it has oscillated from the dainty pastels of Victorian ladies to the shocking vibrancy of the 1980s, when men and women alike donned pink with a vigor that would make even the most stoic observer blush.

And what of pink in the corridors of power? Politicians, it seems, have long been wary of the color, lest they be seen as less than serious. Yet, in the hands of a master statesman, could pink not become a weapon of soft power, a means of disarming one’s opponents with a hue so unassuming as to lull them into a false sense of security? History, alas, has yet to test this theory.

Pink in the Animal Kingdom: A Study in Nature’s Whimsy

While the human world debates the merits of pink, the animal kingdom accepts it with open arms—or wings, as the case may be. Consider the flamingo, that most elegant of birds, whose pink plumage is the result of a diet rich in carotenoids. Here, pink is not merely a color, but a badge of health and vitality, a signal to potential mates that one is in the prime of life.

Yet, pink is not limited to the flamboyant. The diminutive pink fairy armadillo, native to the sandy plains of Argentina, wears its rosy hue like a suit of armor, a reminder that even the smallest of creatures can command attention in a world dominated by the drab and the dour.

Pink in the Annals of Biology: A Pigment of Imagination

The study of pink in biology reveals a universe as varied as the imaginations of those who study it. From the microscopic pink bacteria that thrive in the harshest of environments to the vast coral reefs tinged with shades of pink, this color permeates the natural world in ways that defy expectation.

Indeed, the very word “pink” derives from the Dutch “pinkster,” a term once used to describe a type of flower now known as the “pinks” or “Dianthus.” This etymology is a testament to the enduring presence of pink in the world of botany, where it has flourished in gardens and wild meadows alike, a perennial favorite of both bees and botanists.

Pink in Literature: A Chromatic Muse

Literature, ever the mirror to society, has not been immune to the allure of pink. From the rosy-fingered dawn of Homer’s “Odyssey” to the pink ribbons fluttering in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown,” this color has served as a symbol of hope, innocence, and, occasionally, deception. In the world of poetry, pink has inspired countless odes to love and beauty, its delicate hue evoking the blush of a lover’s cheek or the soft petals of a blooming rose.

Yet, in the hands of a skilled writer, pink can also become a symbol of irony or subversion. Consider F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby,” where the protagonist’s infamous pink suit becomes a metaphor for the emptiness of the American Dream—a dream as fragile and fleeting as the color itself.

In conclusion, pink is a color of contradictions, a hue that defies easy categorization. It is at once gentle and bold, traditional and modern, loved and loathed. Whether in the realm of psychology, culture, biology, or literature, pink has left an indelible mark, a testament to its enduring power to provoke thought and stir emotion.

The Disturbing Trend of Conflicts in the Contemporary World Order

The annals of history bear testament to the cyclical nature of human conflict, where epochs of peace are invariably punctuated by periods of strife. In our contemporary age, the globe is witnessing an alarming surge in conflicts and crises that threaten to reshape the world order in unprecedented ways. Let’s encapsulate some of the most pressing conflicts and issues of our time, highlighting the gravity of the situation and the potential ramifications for global stability.

1. The Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Quintessential neighbourhood crisis

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine stands as a stark reminder of the volatility of geopolitical relations. The annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 and the subsequent military engagements in Eastern Ukraine have plunged the region into a prolonged state of turmoil. This conflict is not merely a territorial dispute but a clash of ideologies, with Russia seeking to reassert its influence over former Soviet territories while Ukraine aspires to align itself with Western democracies. The ongoing strife has resulted in significant loss of life, displacement of populations, and economic destabilization, with the potential to escalate into a broader confrontation involving NATO and other global powers.

2. The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Ethnicity crisis

The protracted conflict between Israel and Palestine is one of the most enduring and complex disputes in modern history. Rooted in historical, religious, and political intricacies, this conflict has seen cycles of violence, peace negotiations, and intermittent ceasefires. The recent escalations, marked by rocket attacks and military responses, have exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip and heightened tensions in the West Bank. The prospect of a two-state solution remains elusive, with each side harboring deep-seated grievances and mutual distrust, further complicating efforts towards a lasting peace.

3. The Israel-Iran Tension: Proxy war

The enmity between Israel and Iran is emblematic of the broader geopolitical and sectarian divides in the Middle East. Israel perceives Iran’s nuclear ambitions and support for militant groups such as Hezbollah as existential threats, while Iran views Israel’s actions and alliances as aggressive maneuvers aimed at undermining its sovereignty. This tension manifests through proxy wars, cyber-attacks, and covert operations, contributing to the instability of the region. The potential for direct military confrontation between these two powers remains a constant and dangerous possibility.

4. The North Korea-South Korea Standoff: Political system conflict

The Korean Peninsula remains one of the most heavily militarized and volatile regions in the world. The armistice of 1953, which ended the Korean War, has never culminated in a formal peace treaty, leaving North and South Korea technically still at war. North Korea’s pursuit of nuclear weapons and ballistic missile technology continues to pose a significant threat to regional and global security. The occasional diplomatic overtures and summits have thus far failed to yield lasting results, with the peninsula perpetually poised on the brink of conflict.

5. The China-Taiwan Dispute: Product of a Revolution crisis

The dispute between China and Taiwan is a flashpoint with profound implications for global stability. China views Taiwan as a breakaway province and has not ruled out the use of force to achieve reunification. Taiwan, on the other hand, operates as a de facto independent state with its own government and democratic institutions. The United States’ commitment to Taiwan’s defense, as stipulated in the Taiwan Relations Act, further complicates the situation, potentially drawing multiple global powers into a direct confrontation. The increasing military activities around the Taiwan Strait underscore the precarious nature of this dispute.

6. Internal Strife in Bangladesh: Civil crisis

The contemporary turmoil in Bangladesh has reached a critical zenith, culminating in the unprecedented flight of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The nation, long beset by political instability and social unrest, has witnessed escalating tensions and widespread protests, driven by allegations of electoral malpractice, economic mismanagement, and human rights abuses. Among the most vehement demonstrations have been those led by students protesting against the government’s reservation policies, which they decry as inequitable and discriminatory. The beleaguered administration’s heavy-handed response to dissent has only fanned the flames of discontent, resulting in violent clashes and a palpable sense of chaos. Prime Minister Hasina’s departure marks a dramatic and ignominious chapter in the country’s tumultuous political saga, leaving a leadership vacuum and casting a long shadow over the prospects for peace and democratic governance in Bangladesh. The citizenry, now in a state of profound uncertainty, awaits the emergence of a new order that might restore stability and justice to their troubled land.

7. The Cold War between the USA and China: Superiority syndrome crisis

The relationship between the United States and China has increasingly taken on the characteristics of a new Cold War. This rivalry spans economic, technological, and military domains, with each power vying for global supremacy. Trade wars, sanctions, and the battle for technological dominance, particularly in the realms of 5G and artificial intelligence, have heightened tensions. The South China Sea, Taiwan, and human rights issues in Hong Kong and Xinjiang serve as additional flashpoints. The strategic competition between these two superpowers has profound implications for global governance and the international order.

8. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Unemployment: Human evolution crisis

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, characterised by advancements in artificial intelligence, robotics, and biotechnology, heralds transformative changes in the global economy. However, it also portends significant disruptions to labor markets. Automation and digitalization are displacing traditional jobs, leading to widespread unemployment and underemployment. This technological upheaval necessitates proactive measures, such as reskilling and upskilling the workforce, to mitigate the socio-economic impacts and ensure inclusive growth.

9. The Escalating Public Debt Crisis: Economic malfunction

The burgeoning public debt crisis is a looming threat to economic stability worldwide. Many nations, grappling with the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, have accrued unprecedented levels of debt. The sustainability of this debt and the ability of governments to service it without resorting to austerity measures pose significant challenges. High public debt can stifle economic growth, reduce fiscal space for essential public services, and lead to social unrest, particularly in developing economies.

10. The burgeoning crisis of idle cash reserves: Problems of plenty

Currently, and probably as an unprecedented phenomenon, the burgeoning crisis of idle cash reserves, an affliction surpassing even the dire spectre of mounting public debt, looms large over the global economy. This surplus, withheld from the engines of growth, stagnates in treasuries and vaults, paralysed by the pervasive miasma of uncertainty. The very lifeblood of commerce and industry, thus sequestered, renders itself impotent, unable to invigorate the languid sinews of progress. Such inaction, borne of trepidation, foretells a bleak horizon where potential remains perpetually unfulfilled, and the promise of prosperity languishes, unheeded and unrealised.

11. The Insurgence of Right-Wing Politics and UK Riots: Artificial and unnecessary crisis

The resurgence of right-wing politics across various parts of the world is reshaping the political landscape. Populist leaders and movements are capitalizing on economic anxieties, social divisions, and nationalist sentiments. This phenomenon is not confined to any single region but is evident in countries across Europe, the Americas, and beyond. The recent riots in the UK, fueled by racial tensions, economic disenfranchisement, and political polarization, highlight the social fractures that right-wing rhetoric can exacerbate. These movements often challenge liberal democratic norms and can lead to increased domestic and international tensions.

The world is at a precarious juncture, besieged by a confluence of conflicts and crises. The aforementioned issues, ranging from geopolitical disputes and internal strife to economic challenges and political upheavals, underscore the complexity and interconnectedness of the contemporary global order. The need for robust, multilateral engagement and innovative solutions has never been more urgent.

As we navigate these turbulent times, the collective efforts of nations, guided by principles of justice, cooperation, and foresight, will be paramount in steering the world towards a more stable and equitable future. The stakes have never been higher. World leaders and the United Nations must rise to the occasion, for the alternative is an apocalyptic future that we cannot afford to accept.

Red Lights of VIP Kind!

In the bustling streets of Pune, where the ancient and modern collide in a delightful cacophony, an incident both curious and illuminating recently transpired. An Indian Administrative Service (IAS) trainee, cloaked in the armor of officialdom, sallied forth in her private chariot, festooned with a beacon light—a dazzling triad of red, blue, and white—proclaiming “Government of Maharashtra” to all who would dare notice. Naturally, this spectacle set tongues wagging and media buzzing from the northern hills to the southern shores.

It’s only natural that such a flamboyant display prompts the common folk to ponder: Why all the fuss over a mere lamp on a car? What ancient scriptures or modern codes dictate the dos and don’ts of these vehicular illuminations?

The Luminescence of Law

Let us delve into the annals of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989. Here lies the holy scripture that ordains the use and misuse of these vehicular illuminations. Non-compliance with these legal decrees invites the wrath of the law. Cast your mind back to days of yore, when the thoroughfares teemed with government cars bedecked with red and yellow lights, and private cars blaring sirens in a symphony of illegality. This phenomenon, dear reader, was christened “VIP culture,” a division as stark as the line between the haves and the have-nots.

The Transport Commissioner’s Quixotic Quest

In the year 2015, I assumed the mantle of Transport Commissioner. It was then that I bore witness to the grotesque visage of this “VIP culture.” Many a dignitary, both official and clandestine, flaunted these forbidden “lights.” When I dared to brandish the sword of regulation, an uproar akin to a tempest ensued. A senior officer, his lamp deemed illicit, unleashed a tirade upon me: “Tum yah jo rahe ho, isake consequences achche nahi honewale.” Ah, such threats were but dulcet whispers to my battle-hardened ears. Undeterred, I pressed on, sowing the seeds of order and reaping the harvest of ire.

In a similar vein, during my tenure as the Collector of Nashik, I faced the wrath of a sadhu during the 2003 Kumbh Mela for denying him the privilege of a lamp on his car. The situation, poised on the edge of a knife, was diffused only by the sagacity of the then Mayor of Nashik, who convinced the sadhu of the inevitability of a stubborn Collector.

A Nation’s Illumination

The predilection for these beacon lights for personal grandeur rather than their intended purpose of law and order, defense emergencies, and firefighting had become a malignancy in the nation’s fabric. Even in states where the rule of law should reign supreme, the mighty Baahubali would flaunt these lights, and the police, those guardians of order, were rendered as bystanders.

But hark! In 2013, the Supreme Court, in its wisdom, decreed that the Central Government must forge new rules to curtail this abuse of luminous power. Thus, in a Cabinet meeting on the 19th of April, 2017, the Central Government resolved to dismantle this VIP culture, and on the 1st of May, 2017, a proclamation was issued. The edict, under the aegis of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989, mandated that from that day forth, not even the President, Prime Minister, nor any public representative or government official shall adorn their vehicles with such beacon lights.

Exceptions to the Rule

Of course, there are exceptions, as there must be in any tale of regulation. The police, defense departments, paramilitary forces, and vehicles tasked to perform during natural calamities and extinguishing infernos retain the right to these lights, but only during their duties. At all other times, these lights must remain dark, a symbol of their dormancy and a non-VIP culture.

The rules, rigorous and unyielding, also dictate that each state’s Transport Department must annually publish a list of those authorized to use such lights by the police, defense departments, paramilitary forces, etc. Furthermore, a sticker bearing the designation of the authority and a number must be affixed to the vehicle, complete with a printed watermark and hologram to thwart forgery.

The Current Conundrum

Today, any vehicle flaunting these beacon lights unlawfully stands in defiance of the law and must be met with the full force of justice. The vigilance of the Transport Department, the RTO, and the police is paramount to ensure that this VIP culture does not rear its head once more. Alas, it appears the RTOs, engrossed in their “monumental” tasks, have become apathetic, turning a blind eye to the transgressions against central edicts.

Every Indian a VIP

In conclusion, let us recall the poignant words of our esteemed Prime Minister, who, in his clarion call to dismantle this VIP culture, tweeted, “Every Indian is special. Every Indian is a VIP.” It is incumbent upon the authorities to heed this clarion call, to uphold the gravity and significance of these words, and to ensure that every Indian, regardless of their station, is accorded the respect and equality they deserve.

Thus, the saga of the red light, a mere beacon on the surface, illuminates the deeper ethos of our society. Let us extinguish the flames of vanity and bask in the light of equality and justice.

(A shorter version of this Article was published in Times of India on 17/07/2024)

हा खेळ “लाल दिव्यांचा”!

अलीकडेच एका भारतीय प्रशासकीय सेवेतील (आयएएस) प्रशिक्षणार्थीने पुणे जिल्ह्यात प्रशिशिक्षण कालावधीदरम्यान स्वतःच्या खाजगी गाडीवर बिकन लाईट म्हणजेचे तांबडा-निळा-पांढरा दिवा आणि “महाराष्ट्र शासन” असे नमुद करुन ती गाडी वापरली अशी वृत्ते प्रसिद्ध झाली आणि त्याची चर्चा प्रसारमाध्यमांमध्ये देशभर झाली. अर्थात असा दिवा लावण्याबाबत आक्षेप असावा का आणि त्याबाबत नेमके नियम काय आहेत याची चर्चा सर्वसामान्यामध्ये होणे साहजिक आहे.

वाहनावर दिवे लावण्याबाबत केंद्रीय मोटर वाहन नियम १९८९ मध्ये स्पष्ट तरतुदी आहेत.या तरतुदींचे पालन केले नाही तर त्याविरुद्ध कारवाई होऊ शकते. आपल्याला आठवत असेल की या देशात रस्त्यावर लाल, अंबर रंगाचे दिवे लावलेल्या शासकीय गाड्या आणि अनेक वेळेस बेकायदेशीरपणे खाजगी गाड्या आणि कर्कश्यपणे वाजणारे सायरन मोठ्या प्रमाणात दिसून येत असत. त्याला “व्हीआयपी कल्चर” असे संबोधले जायचे. म्हणजेच रस्ता वापराबाबत समाजाची सर्वसामान्य जनता आणि व्हीआयपी लोक अशा दोन वर्गात विभागणी झालेली ती संस्कृती होती.

मी २०१५ मध्ये परिवहन आयुक्त म्हणून रुजू झाल्यानंतर या “व्हीआयपी संस्कृती”च्या विकृतीची प्रचिती आली. अनेक अधिकारी आणि खाजगी व्यक्ती असे नियमबाह्यपणे “दिवे” लावून फिरत होते. मी त्यावर नियमांचा चाप ओढल्यावर प्रक्षोभ निर्माण झाला. मला वरिष्ठ असलेल्या एका अधिकाऱ्याने त्यांचा दिवा बेकायदेशीर होता म्हणून काढण्यास माझ्या अधिकाऱ्याने सांगितल्यावर मला फोन करुन ते अड्वातड्वा बोलून(खरे म्हणजे बोली भाषेत “झापून”) तगडी समज दिली की “तुम यह जो कर रहे हो, इसके consequencesअच्छे नहीं होनेवाले”. अर्थात अशी वाक्ये प्रशासनात माझ्यासाठी केंव्हाच बोथट झालेली होती. पण मी नियमांची अंमलबजावणी करण्याच्या कारवाया चालू ठेवल्या आणि अनेक रोष ओढवून घेतले. असाच रोष मी नाशिक जिल्हाधिकारी असतांना एका साधूला २००३ चा कुंभमेळ्यात दिवा वापरू न दिल्याने ओढवून घेतलेला होता. पण त्यावेळेस तत्कालीन नाशिक महापौरांनी त्या साधूची समजूत काढून जिल्हाधिकारी असे दिवे लावूच देणार नाहीत हे स्पष्ट केल्याने चिघळत चाललेले प्रकरण निवळले गेले.

एकंदरीतच कायदा व सुव्यवस्था, संरक्षण विषयक तातडी, अग्निशमन अशा वेळेस रस्त्यावर प्राथम्यक्रम मिळवा यापेक्षा वैयक्तिक बडेजावासाठी या दिव्यांचा वापर ही संस्कृती देशात रुजली होती. काही राज्यात तर बाहुबली सुद्धा त्याचा सर्रास वापर करीत होते आणि त्याविरुद्ध कारवाई करण्यास पोलिसांची हतबलता दिसून येत होती.

यावर २०१३ मध्ये सर्वोच्च न्यालयाने एका निर्णयान्वये शासनाला या “दिव्याच्या” संस्कृतीचा गैरवापर होवू नये याप्रमाणे नियम करून त्याची अंमलबजावणी करावी असे निर्देश केंद्र शासनाला दिले होते.

केंद्र शासनाने दिनांक १९ एप्रिल २०१७ रोजीच्या मंत्रीमंडळाच्या बैठकीत निर्णय घेऊन या देशातील व्हीआयपी संस्कृती मोडीत काढण्याचा निर्णय घेतला आणि त्याबाबतची अधिसूचना १ मे २०१७ रोजी जारी करण्यात आली. केंद्रीय मोटर वाहन नियम १९८९ अंतर्गत निर्गमित केलेल्या या अधिसूचनेनुसार नियमात बदल करून त्या दिवसापासून मा राष्ट्रपती,मा पंतप्रधान सहित इतर कोणत्याही लोकप्रतिनिधी किंवा शासकीय अधिकाऱ्यास किंवा अन्य कोणाशी गाडीवर दिवा लावण्यावर बंदी घालण्यात आलेली आहे.

नियमानुसार फक्त पोलीस, संरक्षण विभाग, पॅरा मिलिटरी फोर्सेस यांना कायदा व सुव्यवस्था राखण्या साठी ज्या गाड्यांची आवश्यकता असते त्या गाड्या, तसेच नैसर्गिक आपत्ती वाहने आणि अग्निशमन बंबानाच परवानगी ठेवण्यात आलेली आहे. अर्थात ही परवानगी सुद्धा केवळ या गाड्या प्रत्यक्ष नेमून दिलेल्या कामाच्या वेळेसच तांबडा -निळा-पांढरा अशा पद्धतीचे दिवे लावू शकतील, अन्य वेळेस त्यांनाही दिवे चालू ठेवण्यापासून बंदी घालण्यात आलेली आहे. हे गाड्यावर दिवे लावणे बाबतचे नियम अत्यंत प्रखर असून संबंधित राज्याच्या परिवहन विभागाने त्या राज्यात कोणत्या प्राधिकाऱ्यास अथवा गाड्यांना परवानगी देण्यात आली आहे त्याची यादी दरवर्षी जाहीर करणेबंधनकारक केले आहे. शिवाय, ज्या प्राधिकार्‍यास ही परवानगी दिली आहे त्यांचे पदनाम आणि हा नंबर एका स्टिकर द्वारे वाहनाच्या समोर लावणे बंधनकारक आहे. सदर स्टिकर हे कोणीही डुप्लिकेट तयार करू नये यासाठी त्यावर प्रिंटेड वॉटर मार्क आणि होलोग्राम असण्याची तरतूद आहे.

सध्या असे दिवे कोणीही लावले असतील तर ते बेकायदेशीर असून त्यावर कारवाई केली जाणे अभिप्रेत आहे. या नियमान्वये, व्हीआयपी संस्कृतीचा कोणीही दुरुपयोग करू नये यासाठी परिवहन विभाग म्हणजेच आरटीओ आणि पोलीस यांनी दक्ष राहणे गरजेचे आहे. अलीकडे झाले काय आहे की आरटीओ कोणत्यातरी “अत्यंत प्रचंड” मोठ्या कामात “गुंतलेले” असल्याने केंद्र शासनाच्या या नियमांची पायमल्ली झाली तरी त्याच्याकडे लक्ष न देण्याइतपत ते निर्ढावलेले आहेत. त्यामुळे असे बेकायदेशीर दिवे लावण्याचे प्रकार दिसून येतात. ही व्हीआयपी संस्कृती मोडीत काढण्याचा निर्णय घेतल्यावर मा पंतप्रधानांनी त्यावेळेस ट्विट करुन “every Indian is special. Every Indian is a VIP” असे नमूद करुन या विषयाची जी गंभीरता आणि महत्व नमूद केले होते, त्याचे पालन अधिकाऱ्यांकडून होणे आवश्यक आहे.

Mumbai’s Monsoon Malaise – A Call for Accountability and Action

Once again, Mumbai finds itself submerged under the relentless monsoon rains, bringing the city to a standstill and halting proceedings even within the hallowed halls of the Legislature. The narrative, as always, is predictable: the State Government and the Municipal Corporation of Mumbai swiftly point fingers at the usual suspects—Mr. Low Lying Terrain and Mr. Climate Change. This rhetoric is eagerly accepted by citizens and the media alike, who bear the brunt of the deluge, accepting the temporary disruption of life as an unavoidable monsoon phenomenon. Social media, in its characteristic fervor, buzzes with memes and humorous anecdotes, finding fleeting amusement in the city’s perennial plight.

The Political Blame Game

Amidst the chaos, political mudslinging becomes a sideshow, with the party in power and the opposition indulging in blame games. The discourse often centers on the cleaning of stormwater drains and natural watercourses, known locally as Nalas. Tragically, the season also brings with it incidents of landslides, building collapses, and people being sucked into open drains, resulting in loss of lives. The focus of the debate, however, remains squarely on the alleged ineptitude of the ruling party in handling preventive measures and accusations of rampant corruption—money, it is said, going quite literally “down the drain.”

A Perennial Cycle of Forgetfulness

This annual spectacle of flooding and finger-pointing has become a cyclic phenomenon. Each monsoon, the citizens endure the hardships, only to forget them as the season passes, until the next year’s rains bring the same story back to life. The collective amnesia is particularly troubling considering the catastrophic floods of 2005, which claimed nearly a thousand lives. Despite the devastating loss, the underlying issues remain unaddressed, and the city continues to suffer.

The Real Culprits

Having served as the Collector of Nashik and Commissioner of the Pune Municipal Corporation, I have observed firsthand the systemic failures that lead to Mumbai’s annual monsoon misery. The true culprits are not Mr. Low Lying Terrain and Mr. Climate Change but rather Mr. Faulty Planning, Mr. Blockade of Natural Watercourses, Mr. Faulty Execution of Plans, and, most notably, Mr. Thick Skinned Senior Bureaucracy. These issues are not complex or beyond the understanding of the average citizen. They are, in fact, straightforward and glaringly obvious.

Natural Watercourses and Urban Planning

Before the establishment of villages, towns, or cities, rainwater followed natural courses along the contours of the land, draining into rivers or the sea. Human activities—such as building houses, roads, and commercial structures—must be executed in harmony with nature, not in opposition to it. When urban development disrupts these natural watercourses, the harmony is lost, leading to disasters. In Mumbai, rainwater that should naturally drain into the sea is obstructed by human constructions, causing unnatural flooding.

A Human-Made Disaster

The flooding in Mumbai is a human-made disaster, resulting from deliberate disregard for natural watercourses and poor urban planning. Instead of preserving these natural pathways and planning development around them, authorities have allowed them to be blocked or built over. Consequently, rainwater, following its natural contour, gets trapped, leading to the flooding we see today. The prime offenders are Mr. Faulty Planning, Mr. Faulty Execution of Plans, and above all, Mr. Thick Skinned Senior Bureaucracy.

Accountability and Historical Wrongs

The historical wrongs are evident and do not require a Commission of Inquiry—they are as clear as daylight. Successive Municipal Commissioners, under whose leadership faulty plans were prepared, and the Secretaries of the Urban Development Department, who blindly endorsed these plans, bear significant responsibility for the annual flooding and the resultant loss of innocent lives.

Towards a Sustainable Solution

Addressing this deeply entrenched problem requires a multifaceted approach. While a permanent solution through retrofitting measures to correct historical wrongdoings may be complex and difficult, immediate steps can be taken to make life more bearable for Mumbai’s citizens. Acknowledging the mistakes of the past is crucial, as is designing ways and means to minimize future damage. However, given the entrenched mentality of the bureaucracy, expecting them to accept responsibility and offer solutions seems overly optimistic.

A Call for Political Unity

The onus thus falls on the political leadership across the spectrum. It is imperative for political leaders to bury their differences and unite in a concerted effort to make Mumbai a more livable city. Collaboration and shared responsibility are essential to overcoming the bureaucratic inertia and implementing effective solutions.

Designing a permanent solution to rectify the historical missteps of the bureaucracy through retrofitting measures is an exceedingly complex and arduous task. However, the lives of Mumbai’s citizens can be rendered more bearable by identifying these wrongs, acknowledging them, and devising strategies to mitigate the damage. Yet, given the entrenched mindset of the bureaucracy, they are unlikely to accept this reality, let alone offer any glimmer of hope for viable solutions. Therefore, it is imperative that political leaders, across the spectrum, set aside their differences and unite in their efforts to transform Mumbai into a more livable city.

A Call to Action

The annual monsoon floods in Mumbai are not an inevitable natural disaster but a preventable human-made one. The blame lies not with Mr. Low Lying Terrain and Mr. Climate Change but with Mr. Faulty Planning, Mr. Blockade of Natural Watercourses, Mr. Faulty Execution of Plans, and Mr. Thick Skinned Senior Bureaucracy. Addressing this issue requires a holistic approach involving comprehensive planning, technological innovation, community involvement, and political collaboration.

Only through a concerted and sustained effort can Mumbai hope to break the cycle of floods and become a more resilient and livable city. The time for rhetoric and blame games is over; what is needed now is decisive action and accountability to ensure a safer, more sustainable future for all of Mumbai’s residents.

स्पर्धा परीक्षेत मुलांच्या आयुष्याशी खेळ थांबवा!

(दै लोकमतमध्ये दि १६/६/२०२४ रोजी सारांशाने प्रकाशित झालेला लेख मूळ स्वरूपात.)

अलिकडेच महाराष्ट्र लोकसेवा आयोगाने राज्यातील स्पर्धा परीक्षा पुढे ढकलल्याचे आणि त्यामुळे उमेदवारांमध्ये नाराजी आणि असंतोष पसरल्याची वृत्ते प्रसिद्ध झाली आहेत. एव्हाना ही वृत्ते नित्याचीच बाब झालेली आहे. शासकीय पदावरील नियुक्त्याबाबत पदे भरली न जाणे, पदे भरण्याच्या जाहिराती विलंबाने येणे, जाहिरातीवर किंवा परीक्षावर शासकीय किंवा न्यायालयीन स्थगिती येणे, परीक्षा पुढे ढकलणे, निकाल लागण्यास कमालीची दिरंगाई होणे, निकाल लागल्यानंतर नियुक्त मिळण्यास कधी कधी वर्षापेक्षाही जास्त कालावधी लागणे आणि हे सर्व होऊ नये म्हणून उमेदवारांचे मोर्चे धरणे, त्यांची अगतिकता या बाबींनी महाराष्ट्र ग्रासलेला आहे. संघ लोकसेवा आयोगाकडून घेतल्या जाणाऱ्या देश पातळीवरील स्पर्धा परीक्षांच्या बाबतीत अशा बाबी ऐकिवात येत नाहीत. हे असे का होत असावे हा प्रश्न सर्वसामान्यांना पडणे स्वाभाविक आहे. या समस्या का उद्भवतात आणि त्यांचे निराकरण शक्य नाही का ते समजून घेण्याचा प्रयत्न करूया.

शासकीय नोकऱ्या या देशातील बेरोजगारी दूर करण्यासाठी पुरेशा आहेत का? अलिकडेच आंतरराष्ट्रीय कामगार संघटनेने भारतातील सुमारे ९० टक्के रोजगार अनौपचारिक क्षेत्रात असून नियमित रोजगार फक्त १० टक्के असल्याचे दर्शविले आहे. त्या १० टक्क्यांमध्ये शासकीय नोकऱ्यांचे प्रमाण अत्यल्प आहे. त्यामुळे शासकीय नोकऱ्या या बेरोजगारीवरील उपाय म्हणून नव्हे तर त्य लोकशाहीतील प्रशासकीय व्यवस्था सुदृढतेने चालविण्याची यंत्रणा असे त्याचे स्वरूप आहे. प्रशासकीय गरजानुसार पदांची संख्या ठरविली जाते. अर्थात त्यामध्ये सामाजिक दुर्बल घटकांना लोकशाहीतील निर्णय प्रक्रियेत सामावून घेणे हा देखील एक विषय आहे. प्रशासकीय व्यवस्था मजबूत ठेवून जनसामान्यांचे जीवनमान सुरळीत ठेवण्यासाठी शासनाअंतर्गत रिक्त पदे राहूच नयेत असे अभिप्रेत आहे.

तथापि, शासकीय नोकरीतील स्थैर्यता, समाजाभिमुख काम करण्याची आस आणि नोकरीची संधी म्हणून तरुण आणि विशेषतः ग्रामीण भागातील तरुण आकर्षित होतात. ते स्पर्धा परीक्षा तयारी, प्रत्यक्ष परीक्षा याकरीता पुण्यासारख्या शहरात येऊन जीवनाची ऐन उमेदीतील ४-५ वर्ष व्यतीत करत असतात. त्यांची कौटुंबिक आर्थिक स्थिती कमकुवत असते. शहरातील वास्तव्यातील दैनंदिन खर्च, क्लासेसचा खर्च इत्यादीमुळे कुटुंबाची आर्थिक स्थिती आणखी खालावते आणि एक मानसिक तणाव निर्माण होतो. परीक्षा विलंबाने झाल्या तर खर्च आणि तणाव त्य प्रमाणात वाढत जातो. यातील अन्य भयानक वास्तव म्हणजे स्पर्धा परीक्षांमध्ये उमेदवारांची आणि पदांची संख्या यामध्ये इतकी तफावत असते की प्रत्यक्षात नोकरी मिळणारांची टक्केवारी अपूर्णाकात यावी. हे सर्व दृष्टचक्र थांबवता येणार नाही का? एकतर, रोजगाराच्या संधीसाठी शासकीय नोकऱ्या हे व्यापक क्षेत्र नसले तरी तेथे भरपूर संधी आहेत. त्यामुळे शासनाने जी पदे निर्माण केलेली आहेत ती रिक्त राहणारच नाहीत हे धोरण काटेकोरपणे पाळले पाहिजे. या धोरणानुसार प्रत्येक वर्षाच्या सप्टेंबर महिन्यात पुढील वर्षी निवृत्ती, पदोन्नती इत्यादीमुळे रिक्त होणाऱ्या या पदांचा आढावा घेऊन त्या संख्येत सर्व निवड प्रक्रिया पार पडून पदोन्नतीने अथवा सरळ सेवेने अधिकारी व कर्मचारी उपलब्ध ठेवून ज्या दिवशी पदे रिक्त होतील त्याच्या दुसऱ्या दिवसापासून भरले गेले जावे. हा आढावा होतो किंवा नाही ते पाहण्याची अंतिम जबाबदारी लोकप्रतिनिधींची नसून प्रशासकीय नेतृत्व म्हणून मुख्य सचिवांची आहे. तसे होते का? उत्तर सोपे आहे; तसे होत नसावे म्हणूनच या सर्व समस्या! वास्तविकत: ही एक सोपी प्रक्रिया आहे. त्यात आणखी सुदृढता आणि पारदर्शकता आणण्यासाठी प्रत्येक तालुक्यातील सर्व शासकीय विभागात किती पदे निर्माण केली गेली आहेत आणि त्यापैकी किती पदे रिक्त आहेत ह्याची आकडेवारी दरवर्षी सप्टेंबरमध्ये जिल्हाधिकारी यांनी स्थानिक आमदारांना उपलब्ध करून दिली, तर ते देखील रिक्त पदे भरण्याबाबत शासनावर दबाव आणू शकतात.

दुसरी महत्त्वाची बाब म्हणजे पदोन्नतीची पदे तर भरली जाण्यास काहीही प्रत्यवाय नसतो. ही पदे भरली गेली तर सरळ सेवेची पदे उपलब्ध होऊन त्याचा फायदा बाह्य उमेदवारांना होतो. पण राज्यातील अशी हजारो पदे केवळ संबंधित खात्याच्या सचिवांच्या नाकर्तेपणामुळे रिक्त राहून बेरोजगार तरुण नोकऱ्यांपासून वंचित राहतात.

तिसरी आणि सर्वात महत्वाची बाब म्हणजे दरवर्षी एक जानेवारीपूर्वी त्या वर्षांची सरळसेवा पदावर नियुक्त होणाऱ्या उमेदवारांची निवडसूची करून त्यांना रिक्त होणाऱ्या पदावर नियुक्तीसाठी याद्या तयार ठेवणे. पूर्वी जेंव्हा संगणक किंवा संगणक प्रणाली नव्हत्या लोकसेवा आयोग आणि अन्य शासकीय यंत्रणाकडून कोणत्याही गोंधळाशिवाय नियमित परीक्षाअत्यंत विनासायास पार पाडल्याजायच्या. आता संगणक आणि संगणक प्रणालीसारखे तंत्रज्ञान प्रगत झाले असताना मोठे गोंधळ निर्माण का होतात, प्रश्नपत्रिका फुटणे,अन्य गैरप्रकार होणे, प्रचंड विलंब होणे, खासगी यंत्रणेवर गैरप्रकाराचे आरोप होणे असे प्रकार घडतात हे प्रशासकीय अपयश होय. या बाबीमुळे उमेदवारांना अतोनात त्रास होतो आणि तो त्रास वर्षानुवर्षे चालू आहे.या सर्व त्रासास केवळ लोकसेवा आयोग, मुख्य सचिव आणि संबंधित खात्यांच्या सचिवांचे पाप किंवा प्रशासकीय दौर्बल्य किंवा निगरगट्टपणा कारणीभूत आहे! जर मुख्यसचिवांनी आणि लोकसेवा आयोगाने ठरविले तर हे प्रश्न अस्तित्वातच राहणार आहे नाहीत. चौथी बाब म्हणजे न्यायालयाचा हस्तक्षेप. हा हस्तक्षेप सेवा प्रवेशातील त्रुटी आणि आरक्षणाबाबत शासनाचे बदलणारे धोरण यामुळे प्रामुख्याने होतो. देशाला स्वातंत्र्य मिळून ७५ वर्ष झाली तरी प्रगल्भ सचिव. बिनचूक सेवा प्रवेश नियम बनवू शकत नसतील तर ते राज्यातील १४ कोटी जनतेचे दुर्दैव होय. निवडणूक प्रक्रिया सुरू झाल्यानंतर त्यामध्ये कोणतेही न्यायालय हस्तक्षेप करणार नाही अशी वैधानिक तरतूद आहे. त्याच धर्तीवर जाहिरात दिल्यानंतर निवड प्रक्रियेत न्यायालय हस्तक्षेप करू शकणार नाहीत असा कायदा करावा असे मी दोन वर्षापूर्वी उपाय म्हणून सुचविला होता पण त्याची दखल घेण्यासाठी वेळ नसावा.

शेवटी, आपण एकविसाव्या शतकात आहोत याचे भान प्रशासनाने ठेवणे आवश्यक आहे. अत्यंत प्रभावी संगणकप्रणाली बाजारात उपलब्ध आहेत. त्याचा वापर करून शासकीय, निमशासकीय कार्यालयातील सर्व म्हणजे वर्ग अ, ब, क आणि ड या सर्व पदांसाठी खाजगीकरांतून नव्हे तर लोकसेवा आयोगामार्फत दरवर्षी फक्त एकच सामायिक परीक्षा घ्यावी. परिक्षेतील आणि मुलाखतीतील गुण पदांची उमेदवारांची प्राधान्यता, शैक्षणिक पात्रता, भौगोलिक गरज इ चा संगणक प्रणालीचा वापर करून संबंधित पदासाठी उमेदवार निवड व्हावी. उमेदवार निवड झाल्याच्या दुसऱ्या दिवशी नियुक्तिपत्रे वितरीत होवू शकतील ह्याची तजवीज ठेवावी. हे शक्य आहे का? अर्थात निश्चितपणे शक्य आहे! केवळ राज्याला लोकाभिमुख आणि प्रगल्भ मुख्य सचिव आणि सचिव असावेत!!

-महेश झगडे xIAS, माजी प्रधान सचिव, महाराष्ट्र शासन.

The Changers of the direction of the wind.

In days of old when leaders were bold,

And legends carved in stone,

There lived a truth, both wise and cold,

For all to call their own.

‘Tis better far, the sages say,

To ride with those who dare,

To shift the winds and pave the way,

Than yield to every air.

In castle high and village low,

This lesson took its root,

Wherever daring hearts did go,

In quest of life’s pursuit.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the great,

A leader brave and wise,

Could steer the storm and shape the fate,

And see through all disguise.

With him, the bravest sought to ride,

Through tempest, rain, and gale,

For he would turn the shifting tide,

And fill the hearts with tale.

Yet many more would choose the path,

Of ease and comfort’s kin,

To float along the aftermath,

Wherever winds had been.

For winds may change and twist the fates,

And fortune favors bold,

Who harness might and face the gates,

Of legends yet untold.

So heed the call, ye valiant souls,

And seek the path untried,

Where those who alter winds and shoals,

With steadfast hearts abide.

‘Tis better far to keep their side,

Where dreams and deeds align,

Than with the passive to reside,

And mark the sands of time.

For history remembers well,

The changers of the wind,

Their stories in the ages tell,

Where true resolve begins.

So ride with those who steer the course,

And shape the tempest’s call,

For in their wake, you’ll find the source,

Of honor’s hallowed hall.

———-Maheverse

सही हवाओं के साथ

हवा के रुख को जो बदल दें, उनके साथ रहना बेहतर होता है,
जो उसकी दिशा में चलें, उनसे दूर रहना बेहतर होता है।

वो जो तूफानों में भी राह बनाते हैं,
उनके संग ही चलना बेहतर होता है।

जो मुश्किलों में भी न हार मानें,
उनके साथ सदा रहना बेहतर होता है।

जो अपने हौंसले से पर्वत हिला दें,
उनके साथ सफ़र करना बेहतर होता है।

जो रास्ते को रोशन कर दें,
उनके साथ बढ़ना बेहतर होता है।

जो दिलों में उम्मीद की किरण जगाएं,
उनके साथ जीना बेहतर होता है।

हर कदम पे जो संजीदा हो,
उनके साथ ही रहना बेहतर होता है। ------महेवर्स

Mahesh Zagade, IASx

I act because I must….

Author Archives: Mahesh Zagade,IASx, xPrincipal Secretary to Government of Maharashtra