This Week, Fourteen Years Ago: A Reflection on Administrative Accountability and Urban Watercourse Mismanagement in Pune.

Fourteen years ago this week, I, as the Municipal Commissioner of Pune Municipal Corporation, undertook a journey that was both symbolic and troubling. I traversed a ravaged 14-kilometer stretch of what the people of Pune call a “nala”—a watercourse, now mutilated and rendered unrecognizable by years of human interference. This trek was not a casual exercise nor a spur-of-the-moment decision. It was a deliberate attempt to lay bare before the municipal machinery the grievous sins committed by those entrusted with the governance of the city. The catastrophes Pune faces each year are not acts of nature alone; they are born of administrative negligence, deliberate wrongdoing, and a profound disrespect for the natural order.

In that journey, I sought to convey an uncomfortable truth: Pune’s incessant floods, which return with monsoon’s arrival each year, are not natural calamities alone. They are human-made disasters, engineered by the official mismanagement of the city’s water courses. Fourteen years ago, as the Municipal Commissioner, it became clear to me that the flooding was a direct result of corrupt urban planning and poor execution—sins against the city’s natural topography and hydrology.

The intricate web of watercourses that once defined Pune has been disrupted and defiled by the very machinery meant to protect it. These natural streams, veins through which the lifeblood of the city once flowed freely, have been dammed, diverted, and in some cases obliterated. Roads have been built over them, construction allowed to smother them, all in the name of so-called “development.” But this development has, in reality, been a covert means of profiteering, where officials and builders alike conspire for financial gain. Corrupt officers, seduced by the lure of illegal earnings, turned a blind eye to the systematic destruction of these water channels. The greed of the few has created an ecological nightmare for the many.

At that time, I advocated for the formation of an Inquiry committee, comprising a retired High Court judge and a retired senior IAS officer, to investigate this disaster—a disaster whose roots extend far beyond nature’s unpredictable wrath. I believed then, as I do now, that a forensic investigation, one that digs into both the micro and macro causes, was the only path forward to understanding the full extent of the mismanagement. Yet, those culpable in these crimes against the city prevailed. They manipulated the system to prevent any meaningful inquiry, convincing the political body, known as the Standing Committee, to reject the call for justice. The inquiry was not just halted; it was buried. The very machinery that orchestrated this urban tragedy moved swiftly to shield its own.

One cannot overlook the cyclical nature of this catastrophe. Year after year, the monsoon rains arrive, and Pune drowns anew. People wade through streets turned into rivers, homes are inundated, lives disrupted. Yet, just as the waters recede, so does public memory. The media, quick to awaken with each fresh disaster, falls silent once the deluge subsides. And the people, whose suffering is acute during the floods, too quickly forget their grievances once the sun returns. The officers, however, remain steadfast in their indifference, as if the city’s misery were an annual rite of passage, rather than a preventable crisis.

It is with a sense of deep frustration and lingering hope that I still argue for the inquiry that was first proposed fourteen years ago. The time has come—indeed, it is long overdue—for a comprehensive investigation into the flood crises that haunt this city. This investigation should not only focus on the proximate causes of each flood but delve into the deeper, structural failures of governance that allow such disasters to recur. Pune needs a “post-mortem” of its watercourse mismanagement, one that examines every facet of the city’s planning and execution. Why were these natural courses closed off? Who benefitted from allowing buildings to rise where water once flowed? What were the systemic loopholes that enabled this destruction?

The powerful forces within the municipal machinery will undoubtedly resist such scrutiny. They did so fourteen years ago, and they will do so again, pressing their weight to scuttle any attempt at accountability. It is a well-oiled machine, where self-preservation is paramount, and public welfare is an afterthought. The officers, adept at manipulation, will argue that an inquiry is unnecessary, a waste of resources, or even harmful to the morale of the administration. They will weave a narrative that seeks to absolve them of guilt, shifting the blame, as they always do, to external factors or, worse, to the public itself for being unprepared.

And herein lies the dilemma. How does one confront a system so thoroughly corrupt without first ensuring that the guilty parties are brought to justice? In a perfect world, those responsible would face the full force of the law, their careers, and reputations in tatters. But we do not live in such a world, and the greater objective must be the saving of lives, the prevention of future suffering, not the punitive satisfaction of retribution. If it requires, for the greater good, an assurance that the guilty will not face punishment, then perhaps that is a price worth paying. It is not an ideal solution, and it is certainly not just, but in a landscape of such entrenched rot, pragmatism must sometimes trump principle.

The inquiry that I propose would serve not just as a reckoning but as a blueprint for future action. It would shine a light on the dark corners of the city’s planning apparatus, expose the flaws in governance, and provide a pathway for rectifying the errors of the past. Pune can no longer afford to turn a blind eye to its watercourse mismanagement. Each year that passes without addressing the root causes of its flooding crisis is a year closer to a more catastrophic disaster. Nature, after all, has its limits, and so too does the patience of the people.

In the end, the question is not whether an inquiry should be held, but whether we, as a society, have the will to demand it. The sins of the past may be forgiven, but they must first be acknowledged. Pune’s future depends on it.

-Mahesh Zagade, IAS(rtd)

A Tribute to the Late Shri Sitaram Yechury: A Statesman with an Unwavering Vision

I had only one opportunity to engage personally with the late Shri Sitaram Yechury, yet that singular interaction left a profound impression. It was the summer of 2011, and I was attending the Phase-IV Mid-Career Training Programme for the 1993 batch of IAS Officers at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA), Mussoorie. In those days, it was customary for the Academy to host distinguished national figures for post-dinner lectures and interactions. One such evening, the invitee was Shri Sitaram Yechury, and what unfolded that night remains etched in my memory.(Another guest who lingers in my memory is Shri Rahul Gandhi. In time, I shall pen my reflections on him.)

After his lecture, a small group of us, captivated by his words, slowly walked with him toward the guest house. The air was cool, the night quiet, and as we strolled, a conversation bloomed. For years, I had nurtured a question, one that always lingered at the intersection of ideology and constitutionalism. So, seizing the moment, I asked him about the relevance of the Communist Party within the framework of the Indian Constitution, given that communism itself represents a distinctive system of governance, one seemingly at odds with the constitutional ethos of a democratic republic.

Shri Yechury’s reply was swift, yet rich in its thoughtfulness. He pointed toward the Directive Principles enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, drawing a direct connection between them and Communist ideology. “They run parallel,” he said, with conviction. “They gel well.” This was no mere assertion. He elaborated with an eloquence that displayed his deep understanding of both constitutional law and the ideals that had shaped his political career. As he spoke, it became clear that, for him, the Directive Principles were not just aspirational words but a reflection of the very fabric of socialism, justice, and equality that he championed throughout his life.

What struck me most was not merely the content of his argument but the passion with which he spoke. His deep resolve, his clarity of purpose, and his unwavering commitment to the cause of India’s weaker sections shone through. It was a glimpse into the mind of a man whose life had been dedicated to raising the living standards of the masses, often the forgotten or marginalized in our vast nation.

Shri Sitaram Yechury was not merely a politician. He was a statesman whose idealism, shaped by the crucible of struggle, was always tempered with the pragmatism necessary for leadership in a country as diverse and complex as India. He embodied the tension between ideological purity and practical governance, always striving to find the balance that would best serve the people he fought for.

In an era where political discourse often descends into cynicism and opportunism, Yechury stood apart. His was a lifelong mission grounded in principles. He believed that economic justice, social equity, and the dignity of labor were not just slogans but achievable realities. He held a vision for India where these ideals were woven into the very governance of the state.

As I reflect on that evening in Mussoorie, I am reminded of the power of intellectual dialogue and the importance of staying true to one’s principles. Shri Sitaram Yechury was a towering figure who contributed immeasurably to India’s political and social landscape. His voice was one of reason, his actions those of compassion, and his vision unclouded by the distractions of power.

With his passing, India has lost not just a leader, but a guardian of its social conscience. His life was a testament to the power of conviction, and in his death, we are reminded of the enduring relevance of his ideals. I deeply mourn his loss, yet I also celebrate a life that was lived with purpose, a mind that was resolute, and a spirit that sought to uplift the most vulnerable among us.

May his legacy continue to inspire, and may we find in ourselves the courage to pursue, with equal determination, the just and equitable India that Shri Sitaram Yechury envisioned.

-Mahesh Zagade

Physical Activity: The Cornerstone of Effective Stress Management

(Endorsed by my personal experience.)

In the modern world, stress has become an almost ubiquitous part of daily life. The demands of work, family, and society, coupled with the constant barrage of information and expectations, have made stress an unavoidable reality for many. While some stress can be beneficial, motivating us to perform better, chronic stress has been linked to a host of physical and mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, heart disease, and a weakened immune system. In the search for effective ways to manage stress, physical activity emerges not merely as a recommendation but as an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. I found myself in a work environment that was an absolute stressful—a chaotic ecosystem largely of my own making. Why? Because I had this peculiar knack for “swimming against the strong current of the administrative river.” Naturally, I had to figure out a way to keep my sanity intact. So, I took up evening jogs, clocking in a cool 12 kilometers. And voilà! Not only did I shake off the stress, but I also dodged the usual suspects—high blood pressure, elevated sugar levels, cholesterol, you name it. To top it off, my memory remained as robust as ever, and my decision-making skills are now in tip-top shape.

The Link Between Stress and Physical Health

Before delving into the benefits of physical activity, it is important to understand the profound impact that stress can have on the body. When we encounter a stressful situation, our bodies respond by releasing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare us for a “fight or flight” response. While this response is useful in short bursts, chronic stress keeps the body in a prolonged state of alertness, which can lead to serious health problems.

Research published by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 2022 highlights the alarming effects of chronic stress on the body. According to the report, prolonged exposure to stress can cause inflammation, increase blood pressure, and contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, stress has been found to weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and illnesses. It is within this context that the role of physical activity becomes critically important.

Physical Activity: The Natural Stress Reliever

Physical activity is often touted for its ability to improve physical health, but its benefits extend far beyond the physical realm. Numerous studies have demonstrated that regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to manage stress and improve mental well-being.

One of the key mechanisms by which physical activity alleviates stress is through the release of endorphins. Endorphins, often referred to as “feel-good” hormones, are neurotransmitters that reduce pain and promote feelings of pleasure and euphoria. Engaging in physical activity stimulates the production of endorphins, which can help to counteract the negative effects of stress. A study published in The Journal of Neuroscience in 2021 found that individuals who engaged in regular physical activity had significantly higher levels of endorphins compared to those who led a sedentary lifestyle. This increase in endorphins was correlated with lower levels of perceived stress and greater overall well-being.

Moreover, physical activity has been shown to reduce levels of cortisol, the hormone most closely associated with stress. A 2020 study published in the journal Psychoneuroendocrinology examined the effects of a 12-week exercise program on cortisol levels in a group of stressed adults. The results indicated that participants who engaged in regular physical activity had significantly lower cortisol levels compared to those who did not exercise. This reduction in cortisol was accompanied by improvements in mood, sleep quality, and overall stress resilience.

The Role of Physical Activity in Cognitive Function

In addition to its direct effects on stress hormones, physical activity also plays a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing cognitive function, which is often impaired by chronic stress. Stress can negatively impact memory, concentration, and decision-making abilities, all of which are essential for managing daily challenges.

Recent research has shed light on the neuroprotective effects of physical activity. A 2022 study published in the journal Nature Reviews Neuroscience found that regular exercise promotes the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory and learning. This neurogenesis is believed to counteract the detrimental effects of stress on the brain, helping to preserve cognitive function even in the face of chronic stress. The study also highlighted the role of exercise in increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival and growth of neurons. Higher levels of BDNF have been linked to improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

Furthermore, physical activity has been shown to enhance executive function, which includes skills such as problem-solving, planning, and emotional regulation. These skills are particularly important for managing stress effectively. A meta-analysis published in Psychological Bulletin in 2021 reviewed 29 studies on the effects of exercise on executive function. The analysis concluded that both aerobic and resistance exercises significantly improved executive function, particularly in individuals under high levels of stress. The authors of the study suggested that the improvement in executive function could help individuals better manage stress by enhancing their ability to plan, prioritize, and regulate emotions.

Physical Activity and Sleep Quality

One of the most insidious effects of stress is its impact on sleep. Stress can lead to insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns, which in turn exacerbate stress, creating a vicious cycle. Sleep is crucial for mental and physical recovery, and without adequate rest, the body and mind become more susceptible to the negative effects of stress.

Physical activity has been widely recognized as a natural remedy for improving sleep quality. According to a 2021 report by the National Sleep Foundation, regular exercise can help people fall asleep faster and enjoy deeper, more restorative sleep. The report also noted that individuals who engage in regular physical activity are less likely to experience insomnia and other sleep disorders.

A study published in Sleep Medicine Reviews in 2020 explored the relationship between exercise and sleep in individuals with chronic stress. The researchers found that participants who engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity reported significant improvements in sleep quality and duration. These improvements were accompanied by reductions in stress levels and better overall mental health. The study’s findings suggest that incorporating regular physical activity into one’s routine can be a powerful strategy for breaking the cycle of stress and poor sleep.

Types of Physical Activity for Stress Management

While any form of physical activity can be beneficial for managing stress, certain types of exercise may be particularly effective. Aerobic exercises, such as running, swimming, and cycling, are well-known for their ability to elevate heart rate and release endorphins. These activities have been extensively studied and are consistently linked to reductions in stress and anxiety.

For example, a 2021 study published in The Journal of Sports Medicine examined the effects of aerobic exercise on stress in a group of office workers. The study found that participants who engaged in 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, three times a week, reported significant reductions in stress levels and improvements in mood after just eight weeks. The researchers concluded that aerobic exercise is an effective and accessible way to manage stress in everyday life.

Strength training, or resistance exercise, also offers significant benefits for stress management. A 2020 study published in The American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine found that participants who engaged in regular strength training experienced not only physical improvements but also psychological benefits, including reduced stress and anxiety. The study’s authors suggested that the sense of accomplishment and mastery that comes from strength training may contribute to these mental health benefits.

Mind-body exercises, such as yoga and tai chi, combine physical movement with mindfulness and deep breathing, making them particularly effective for stress management. A meta-analysis published in *The Journal of Behavioral Medicine* in 2022 reviewed 15 studies on the effects of yoga on stress. The analysis found that yoga practitioners consistently reported lower levels of stress and greater emotional well-being compared to non-practitioners. The researchers highlighted the role of yoga in reducing cortisol levels and enhancing parasympathetic nervous system activity, which promotes relaxation and recovery from stress.

Barriers to Physical Activity and Strategies to Overcome Them

Despite the clear benefits of physical activity for stress management, many people struggle to incorporate regular exercise into their lives. Common barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to facilities. Additionally, individuals who are already experiencing high levels of stress may find it difficult to start and maintain an exercise routine.

Addressing these barriers requires a multifaceted approach. Time management is often cited as the primary obstacle to regular physical activity. However, research suggests that even short bouts of exercise can be effective for reducing stress. A study published in The Lancet Psychiatry in 2019 found that just 10 minutes of physical activity per day was associated with significant reductions in stress and anxiety. The researchers emphasized that every bit of movement counts and encouraged people to find ways to integrate physical activity into their daily routines, whether through walking, taking the stairs, or engaging in quick home workouts.

For those struggling with motivation, setting realistic goals and finding activities that are enjoyable can make a significant difference. A 2020 study published in *The Journal of Behavioral Health* found that individuals who chose physical activities they enjoyed were more likely to stick with their exercise routines and experience stress relief. The study’s authors recommended that people experiment with different types of exercise to find what works best for them, whether it’s a group class, a solo run, or a dance session in the living room.

Access to facilities can also be a barrier, particularly for those living in urban or underserved areas. However, the rise of online fitness programs and virtual classes has made physical activity more accessible than ever. According to a 2021 report by the American College of Sports Medicine, the use of online fitness resources increased by 76% during the COVID-19 pandemic. These resources provide a wide range of options for people to engage in physical activity from the comfort of their homes, making it easier to overcome logistical challenges.

The Broader Implications of Physical Activity for Society

The benefits of physical activity for stress management extend beyond the individual. When people are less stressed, they are more productive, creative, and engaged in their work and communities. A 2022 report by the World Health Organization (WHO) highlighted the economic impact of stress-related health issues, estimating that stress costs the global economy $1 trillion annually in lost productivity. The report emphasized the importance of promoting physical activity as a public health strategy to reduce the burden of stress on individuals and society as a whole.

Furthermore, the promotion of physical activity can contribute to the reduction of healthcare costs. A 2020 study published in The Lancet Global Health found that increasing physical activity levels worldwide could prevent 5

million deaths annually and save $67.5 billion in healthcare costs. These findings underscore the importance of integrating physical activity into public health policies and programs as a means of improving overall well-being and reducing the economic burden of stress-related diseases.

A Call to Action

The physical activity is not just a recommendation; it is a necessity for effective stress management. The evidence is clear: regular exercise reduces stress hormones, improves cognitive function, enhances sleep quality, and promotes overall mental and physical well-being. As stress continues to be a pervasive issue in modern society, it is imperative that individuals, communities, and policymakers recognize the critical role of physical activity in mitigating its effects.

The barriers to physical activity are real, but they are not insurmountable. By making small, sustainable changes to incorporate movement into daily life, individuals can take control of their stress levels and improve their quality of life. At the same time, there is a need for broader societal efforts to promote physical activity through public health initiatives, workplace wellness programs, and community resources.

Ultimately, the benefits of physical activity extend far beyond the individual. By prioritizing physical activity as a key component of stress management, we can create healthier, more resilient communities and reduce the economic burden of stress-related health issues. As we move forward in an increasingly complex and demanding world, let us embrace physical activity as a powerful tool for managing stress and enhancing the well-being of society as a whole.

(Disclaimer: The author is not a health professional.)

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Mahesh Zagade

The Colour Pink: A Study in Chromatic Significance.

Abstract

In the grand pantheon of the visible spectrum, no hue has stirred the passions of poets, perplexed the minds of psychologists, or provoked the ire of cultures quite like pink. With the utmost seriousness, let’s understand, the undeniable supremacy of pink in the realms of human psychology, cross-cultural symbolism, biology, literature, and even among our unsuspecting animal kin. For what other color has been so unjustly relegated to the nursery, so maligned by machismo, and yet, so pervasively present in the underbelly of every serious discourse?

Introduction

In a world beset by the harsh dichotomies of black and white, where only the sternest of grays are permitted to occupy the space between, pink stands as the eternal enfant terrible—a color neither here nor there, but everywhere. Long dismissed as the idle fancy of children and the frivolous domain of the fairer sex, pink has been grievously misunderstood.

The Psychological Implications of Pink

Psychologists, in their relentless quest to categorize and label every nuance of human experience, have long debated the significance of pink. The color is often lauded for its calming properties, as evidenced by the numerous “Baker-Miller Pink” prison cells, where the recalcitrant are softened by the gentle embrace of this most innocuous hue. Yet, could it be that beneath this placid exterior lies a nefarious agent of subversion? Indeed, how many a rebellion has been sparked by the sight of pink tutus, defying societal norms with an audacity that belies their dainty appearance?

Moreover, the association of pink with femininity has long been a double-edged sword. While some extol its virtues as a symbol of compassion and nurturing, others decry it as a prison for the female psyche, a chromatic corset binding women to roles as outdated as the crinoline. Yet, in recent years, pink has staged a resurgence as a color of empowerment, with “millennial pink” becoming the rallying cry of a generation determined to subvert the very stereotypes that once confined it.

Pink in Cultural Contexts: A Global Journey

Across the globe, pink weaves a tapestry as varied as the cultures that venerate—or vilify—it. In the West, it is a color of duality: simultaneously a signifier of innocence and a harbinger of gendered expectations. Yet, venture to the East, and one finds pink imbued with a more spiritual significance. In Japan, the fleeting beauty of cherry blossoms—a soft pink—symbolizes the transience of life itself, a poetic reflection on mortality that contrasts sharply with the West’s more materialistic inclinations.

In India, pink takes on a more vibrant persona, celebrated in the festival of Holi, where it is splashed upon revelers in an explosion of joy and color. In Mexico, pink—particularly in the form of the vivid Rosa mexicano—serves as a proud emblem of national identity, a defiant rejection of the somber and the subdued. And yet, across all these cultures, the question remains: does pink unify or divide, uplift or oppress?

The Role of Pink in Human Behavior: A Chromatic Conundrum

When one considers the influence of pink on human behavior, the paradoxes abound. Pink is, at once, a color of passion and of passivity. It is the blush of a first love and the pallor of a fainting maiden. In fashion, it has oscillated from the dainty pastels of Victorian ladies to the shocking vibrancy of the 1980s, when men and women alike donned pink with a vigor that would make even the most stoic observer blush.

And what of pink in the corridors of power? Politicians, it seems, have long been wary of the color, lest they be seen as less than serious. Yet, in the hands of a master statesman, could pink not become a weapon of soft power, a means of disarming one’s opponents with a hue so unassuming as to lull them into a false sense of security? History, alas, has yet to test this theory.

Pink in the Animal Kingdom: A Study in Nature’s Whimsy

While the human world debates the merits of pink, the animal kingdom accepts it with open arms—or wings, as the case may be. Consider the flamingo, that most elegant of birds, whose pink plumage is the result of a diet rich in carotenoids. Here, pink is not merely a color, but a badge of health and vitality, a signal to potential mates that one is in the prime of life.

Yet, pink is not limited to the flamboyant. The diminutive pink fairy armadillo, native to the sandy plains of Argentina, wears its rosy hue like a suit of armor, a reminder that even the smallest of creatures can command attention in a world dominated by the drab and the dour.

Pink in the Annals of Biology: A Pigment of Imagination

The study of pink in biology reveals a universe as varied as the imaginations of those who study it. From the microscopic pink bacteria that thrive in the harshest of environments to the vast coral reefs tinged with shades of pink, this color permeates the natural world in ways that defy expectation.

Indeed, the very word “pink” derives from the Dutch “pinkster,” a term once used to describe a type of flower now known as the “pinks” or “Dianthus.” This etymology is a testament to the enduring presence of pink in the world of botany, where it has flourished in gardens and wild meadows alike, a perennial favorite of both bees and botanists.

Pink in Literature: A Chromatic Muse

Literature, ever the mirror to society, has not been immune to the allure of pink. From the rosy-fingered dawn of Homer’s “Odyssey” to the pink ribbons fluttering in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown,” this color has served as a symbol of hope, innocence, and, occasionally, deception. In the world of poetry, pink has inspired countless odes to love and beauty, its delicate hue evoking the blush of a lover’s cheek or the soft petals of a blooming rose.

Yet, in the hands of a skilled writer, pink can also become a symbol of irony or subversion. Consider F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby,” where the protagonist’s infamous pink suit becomes a metaphor for the emptiness of the American Dream—a dream as fragile and fleeting as the color itself.

In conclusion, pink is a color of contradictions, a hue that defies easy categorization. It is at once gentle and bold, traditional and modern, loved and loathed. Whether in the realm of psychology, culture, biology, or literature, pink has left an indelible mark, a testament to its enduring power to provoke thought and stir emotion.

The Disturbing Trend of Conflicts in the Contemporary World Order

The annals of history bear testament to the cyclical nature of human conflict, where epochs of peace are invariably punctuated by periods of strife. In our contemporary age, the globe is witnessing an alarming surge in conflicts and crises that threaten to reshape the world order in unprecedented ways. Let’s encapsulate some of the most pressing conflicts and issues of our time, highlighting the gravity of the situation and the potential ramifications for global stability.

1. The Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Quintessential neighbourhood crisis

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine stands as a stark reminder of the volatility of geopolitical relations. The annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 and the subsequent military engagements in Eastern Ukraine have plunged the region into a prolonged state of turmoil. This conflict is not merely a territorial dispute but a clash of ideologies, with Russia seeking to reassert its influence over former Soviet territories while Ukraine aspires to align itself with Western democracies. The ongoing strife has resulted in significant loss of life, displacement of populations, and economic destabilization, with the potential to escalate into a broader confrontation involving NATO and other global powers.

2. The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Ethnicity crisis

The protracted conflict between Israel and Palestine is one of the most enduring and complex disputes in modern history. Rooted in historical, religious, and political intricacies, this conflict has seen cycles of violence, peace negotiations, and intermittent ceasefires. The recent escalations, marked by rocket attacks and military responses, have exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip and heightened tensions in the West Bank. The prospect of a two-state solution remains elusive, with each side harboring deep-seated grievances and mutual distrust, further complicating efforts towards a lasting peace.

3. The Israel-Iran Tension: Proxy war

The enmity between Israel and Iran is emblematic of the broader geopolitical and sectarian divides in the Middle East. Israel perceives Iran’s nuclear ambitions and support for militant groups such as Hezbollah as existential threats, while Iran views Israel’s actions and alliances as aggressive maneuvers aimed at undermining its sovereignty. This tension manifests through proxy wars, cyber-attacks, and covert operations, contributing to the instability of the region. The potential for direct military confrontation between these two powers remains a constant and dangerous possibility.

4. The North Korea-South Korea Standoff: Political system conflict

The Korean Peninsula remains one of the most heavily militarized and volatile regions in the world. The armistice of 1953, which ended the Korean War, has never culminated in a formal peace treaty, leaving North and South Korea technically still at war. North Korea’s pursuit of nuclear weapons and ballistic missile technology continues to pose a significant threat to regional and global security. The occasional diplomatic overtures and summits have thus far failed to yield lasting results, with the peninsula perpetually poised on the brink of conflict.

5. The China-Taiwan Dispute: Product of a Revolution crisis

The dispute between China and Taiwan is a flashpoint with profound implications for global stability. China views Taiwan as a breakaway province and has not ruled out the use of force to achieve reunification. Taiwan, on the other hand, operates as a de facto independent state with its own government and democratic institutions. The United States’ commitment to Taiwan’s defense, as stipulated in the Taiwan Relations Act, further complicates the situation, potentially drawing multiple global powers into a direct confrontation. The increasing military activities around the Taiwan Strait underscore the precarious nature of this dispute.

6. Internal Strife in Bangladesh: Civil crisis

The contemporary turmoil in Bangladesh has reached a critical zenith, culminating in the unprecedented flight of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The nation, long beset by political instability and social unrest, has witnessed escalating tensions and widespread protests, driven by allegations of electoral malpractice, economic mismanagement, and human rights abuses. Among the most vehement demonstrations have been those led by students protesting against the government’s reservation policies, which they decry as inequitable and discriminatory. The beleaguered administration’s heavy-handed response to dissent has only fanned the flames of discontent, resulting in violent clashes and a palpable sense of chaos. Prime Minister Hasina’s departure marks a dramatic and ignominious chapter in the country’s tumultuous political saga, leaving a leadership vacuum and casting a long shadow over the prospects for peace and democratic governance in Bangladesh. The citizenry, now in a state of profound uncertainty, awaits the emergence of a new order that might restore stability and justice to their troubled land.

7. The Cold War between the USA and China: Superiority syndrome crisis

The relationship between the United States and China has increasingly taken on the characteristics of a new Cold War. This rivalry spans economic, technological, and military domains, with each power vying for global supremacy. Trade wars, sanctions, and the battle for technological dominance, particularly in the realms of 5G and artificial intelligence, have heightened tensions. The South China Sea, Taiwan, and human rights issues in Hong Kong and Xinjiang serve as additional flashpoints. The strategic competition between these two superpowers has profound implications for global governance and the international order.

8. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Unemployment: Human evolution crisis

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, characterised by advancements in artificial intelligence, robotics, and biotechnology, heralds transformative changes in the global economy. However, it also portends significant disruptions to labor markets. Automation and digitalization are displacing traditional jobs, leading to widespread unemployment and underemployment. This technological upheaval necessitates proactive measures, such as reskilling and upskilling the workforce, to mitigate the socio-economic impacts and ensure inclusive growth.

9. The Escalating Public Debt Crisis: Economic malfunction

The burgeoning public debt crisis is a looming threat to economic stability worldwide. Many nations, grappling with the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, have accrued unprecedented levels of debt. The sustainability of this debt and the ability of governments to service it without resorting to austerity measures pose significant challenges. High public debt can stifle economic growth, reduce fiscal space for essential public services, and lead to social unrest, particularly in developing economies.

10. The burgeoning crisis of idle cash reserves: Problems of plenty

Currently, and probably as an unprecedented phenomenon, the burgeoning crisis of idle cash reserves, an affliction surpassing even the dire spectre of mounting public debt, looms large over the global economy. This surplus, withheld from the engines of growth, stagnates in treasuries and vaults, paralysed by the pervasive miasma of uncertainty. The very lifeblood of commerce and industry, thus sequestered, renders itself impotent, unable to invigorate the languid sinews of progress. Such inaction, borne of trepidation, foretells a bleak horizon where potential remains perpetually unfulfilled, and the promise of prosperity languishes, unheeded and unrealised.

11. The Insurgence of Right-Wing Politics and UK Riots: Artificial and unnecessary crisis

The resurgence of right-wing politics across various parts of the world is reshaping the political landscape. Populist leaders and movements are capitalizing on economic anxieties, social divisions, and nationalist sentiments. This phenomenon is not confined to any single region but is evident in countries across Europe, the Americas, and beyond. The recent riots in the UK, fueled by racial tensions, economic disenfranchisement, and political polarization, highlight the social fractures that right-wing rhetoric can exacerbate. These movements often challenge liberal democratic norms and can lead to increased domestic and international tensions.

The world is at a precarious juncture, besieged by a confluence of conflicts and crises. The aforementioned issues, ranging from geopolitical disputes and internal strife to economic challenges and political upheavals, underscore the complexity and interconnectedness of the contemporary global order. The need for robust, multilateral engagement and innovative solutions has never been more urgent.

As we navigate these turbulent times, the collective efforts of nations, guided by principles of justice, cooperation, and foresight, will be paramount in steering the world towards a more stable and equitable future. The stakes have never been higher. World leaders and the United Nations must rise to the occasion, for the alternative is an apocalyptic future that we cannot afford to accept.

Red Lights of VIP Kind!

In the bustling streets of Pune, where the ancient and modern collide in a delightful cacophony, an incident both curious and illuminating recently transpired. An Indian Administrative Service (IAS) trainee, cloaked in the armor of officialdom, sallied forth in her private chariot, festooned with a beacon light—a dazzling triad of red, blue, and white—proclaiming “Government of Maharashtra” to all who would dare notice. Naturally, this spectacle set tongues wagging and media buzzing from the northern hills to the southern shores.

It’s only natural that such a flamboyant display prompts the common folk to ponder: Why all the fuss over a mere lamp on a car? What ancient scriptures or modern codes dictate the dos and don’ts of these vehicular illuminations?

The Luminescence of Law

Let us delve into the annals of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989. Here lies the holy scripture that ordains the use and misuse of these vehicular illuminations. Non-compliance with these legal decrees invites the wrath of the law. Cast your mind back to days of yore, when the thoroughfares teemed with government cars bedecked with red and yellow lights, and private cars blaring sirens in a symphony of illegality. This phenomenon, dear reader, was christened “VIP culture,” a division as stark as the line between the haves and the have-nots.

The Transport Commissioner’s Quixotic Quest

In the year 2015, I assumed the mantle of Transport Commissioner. It was then that I bore witness to the grotesque visage of this “VIP culture.” Many a dignitary, both official and clandestine, flaunted these forbidden “lights.” When I dared to brandish the sword of regulation, an uproar akin to a tempest ensued. A senior officer, his lamp deemed illicit, unleashed a tirade upon me: “Tum yah jo rahe ho, isake consequences achche nahi honewale.” Ah, such threats were but dulcet whispers to my battle-hardened ears. Undeterred, I pressed on, sowing the seeds of order and reaping the harvest of ire.

In a similar vein, during my tenure as the Collector of Nashik, I faced the wrath of a sadhu during the 2003 Kumbh Mela for denying him the privilege of a lamp on his car. The situation, poised on the edge of a knife, was diffused only by the sagacity of the then Mayor of Nashik, who convinced the sadhu of the inevitability of a stubborn Collector.

A Nation’s Illumination

The predilection for these beacon lights for personal grandeur rather than their intended purpose of law and order, defense emergencies, and firefighting had become a malignancy in the nation’s fabric. Even in states where the rule of law should reign supreme, the mighty Baahubali would flaunt these lights, and the police, those guardians of order, were rendered as bystanders.

But hark! In 2013, the Supreme Court, in its wisdom, decreed that the Central Government must forge new rules to curtail this abuse of luminous power. Thus, in a Cabinet meeting on the 19th of April, 2017, the Central Government resolved to dismantle this VIP culture, and on the 1st of May, 2017, a proclamation was issued. The edict, under the aegis of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989, mandated that from that day forth, not even the President, Prime Minister, nor any public representative or government official shall adorn their vehicles with such beacon lights.

Exceptions to the Rule

Of course, there are exceptions, as there must be in any tale of regulation. The police, defense departments, paramilitary forces, and vehicles tasked to perform during natural calamities and extinguishing infernos retain the right to these lights, but only during their duties. At all other times, these lights must remain dark, a symbol of their dormancy and a non-VIP culture.

The rules, rigorous and unyielding, also dictate that each state’s Transport Department must annually publish a list of those authorized to use such lights by the police, defense departments, paramilitary forces, etc. Furthermore, a sticker bearing the designation of the authority and a number must be affixed to the vehicle, complete with a printed watermark and hologram to thwart forgery.

The Current Conundrum

Today, any vehicle flaunting these beacon lights unlawfully stands in defiance of the law and must be met with the full force of justice. The vigilance of the Transport Department, the RTO, and the police is paramount to ensure that this VIP culture does not rear its head once more. Alas, it appears the RTOs, engrossed in their “monumental” tasks, have become apathetic, turning a blind eye to the transgressions against central edicts.

Every Indian a VIP

In conclusion, let us recall the poignant words of our esteemed Prime Minister, who, in his clarion call to dismantle this VIP culture, tweeted, “Every Indian is special. Every Indian is a VIP.” It is incumbent upon the authorities to heed this clarion call, to uphold the gravity and significance of these words, and to ensure that every Indian, regardless of their station, is accorded the respect and equality they deserve.

Thus, the saga of the red light, a mere beacon on the surface, illuminates the deeper ethos of our society. Let us extinguish the flames of vanity and bask in the light of equality and justice.

(A shorter version of this Article was published in Times of India on 17/07/2024)

Mumbai’s Monsoon Malaise – A Call for Accountability and Action

Once again, Mumbai finds itself submerged under the relentless monsoon rains, bringing the city to a standstill and halting proceedings even within the hallowed halls of the Legislature. The narrative, as always, is predictable: the State Government and the Municipal Corporation of Mumbai swiftly point fingers at the usual suspects—Mr. Low Lying Terrain and Mr. Climate Change. This rhetoric is eagerly accepted by citizens and the media alike, who bear the brunt of the deluge, accepting the temporary disruption of life as an unavoidable monsoon phenomenon. Social media, in its characteristic fervor, buzzes with memes and humorous anecdotes, finding fleeting amusement in the city’s perennial plight.

The Political Blame Game

Amidst the chaos, political mudslinging becomes a sideshow, with the party in power and the opposition indulging in blame games. The discourse often centers on the cleaning of stormwater drains and natural watercourses, known locally as Nalas. Tragically, the season also brings with it incidents of landslides, building collapses, and people being sucked into open drains, resulting in loss of lives. The focus of the debate, however, remains squarely on the alleged ineptitude of the ruling party in handling preventive measures and accusations of rampant corruption—money, it is said, going quite literally “down the drain.”

A Perennial Cycle of Forgetfulness

This annual spectacle of flooding and finger-pointing has become a cyclic phenomenon. Each monsoon, the citizens endure the hardships, only to forget them as the season passes, until the next year’s rains bring the same story back to life. The collective amnesia is particularly troubling considering the catastrophic floods of 2005, which claimed nearly a thousand lives. Despite the devastating loss, the underlying issues remain unaddressed, and the city continues to suffer.

The Real Culprits

Having served as the Collector of Nashik and Commissioner of the Pune Municipal Corporation, I have observed firsthand the systemic failures that lead to Mumbai’s annual monsoon misery. The true culprits are not Mr. Low Lying Terrain and Mr. Climate Change but rather Mr. Faulty Planning, Mr. Blockade of Natural Watercourses, Mr. Faulty Execution of Plans, and, most notably, Mr. Thick Skinned Senior Bureaucracy. These issues are not complex or beyond the understanding of the average citizen. They are, in fact, straightforward and glaringly obvious.

Natural Watercourses and Urban Planning

Before the establishment of villages, towns, or cities, rainwater followed natural courses along the contours of the land, draining into rivers or the sea. Human activities—such as building houses, roads, and commercial structures—must be executed in harmony with nature, not in opposition to it. When urban development disrupts these natural watercourses, the harmony is lost, leading to disasters. In Mumbai, rainwater that should naturally drain into the sea is obstructed by human constructions, causing unnatural flooding.

A Human-Made Disaster

The flooding in Mumbai is a human-made disaster, resulting from deliberate disregard for natural watercourses and poor urban planning. Instead of preserving these natural pathways and planning development around them, authorities have allowed them to be blocked or built over. Consequently, rainwater, following its natural contour, gets trapped, leading to the flooding we see today. The prime offenders are Mr. Faulty Planning, Mr. Faulty Execution of Plans, and above all, Mr. Thick Skinned Senior Bureaucracy.

Accountability and Historical Wrongs

The historical wrongs are evident and do not require a Commission of Inquiry—they are as clear as daylight. Successive Municipal Commissioners, under whose leadership faulty plans were prepared, and the Secretaries of the Urban Development Department, who blindly endorsed these plans, bear significant responsibility for the annual flooding and the resultant loss of innocent lives.

Towards a Sustainable Solution

Addressing this deeply entrenched problem requires a multifaceted approach. While a permanent solution through retrofitting measures to correct historical wrongdoings may be complex and difficult, immediate steps can be taken to make life more bearable for Mumbai’s citizens. Acknowledging the mistakes of the past is crucial, as is designing ways and means to minimize future damage. However, given the entrenched mentality of the bureaucracy, expecting them to accept responsibility and offer solutions seems overly optimistic.

A Call for Political Unity

The onus thus falls on the political leadership across the spectrum. It is imperative for political leaders to bury their differences and unite in a concerted effort to make Mumbai a more livable city. Collaboration and shared responsibility are essential to overcoming the bureaucratic inertia and implementing effective solutions.

Designing a permanent solution to rectify the historical missteps of the bureaucracy through retrofitting measures is an exceedingly complex and arduous task. However, the lives of Mumbai’s citizens can be rendered more bearable by identifying these wrongs, acknowledging them, and devising strategies to mitigate the damage. Yet, given the entrenched mindset of the bureaucracy, they are unlikely to accept this reality, let alone offer any glimmer of hope for viable solutions. Therefore, it is imperative that political leaders, across the spectrum, set aside their differences and unite in their efforts to transform Mumbai into a more livable city.

A Call to Action

The annual monsoon floods in Mumbai are not an inevitable natural disaster but a preventable human-made one. The blame lies not with Mr. Low Lying Terrain and Mr. Climate Change but with Mr. Faulty Planning, Mr. Blockade of Natural Watercourses, Mr. Faulty Execution of Plans, and Mr. Thick Skinned Senior Bureaucracy. Addressing this issue requires a holistic approach involving comprehensive planning, technological innovation, community involvement, and political collaboration.

Only through a concerted and sustained effort can Mumbai hope to break the cycle of floods and become a more resilient and livable city. The time for rhetoric and blame games is over; what is needed now is decisive action and accountability to ensure a safer, more sustainable future for all of Mumbai’s residents.

स्पर्धा परीक्षेत मुलांच्या आयुष्याशी खेळ थांबवा!

(दै लोकमतमध्ये दि १६/६/२०२४ रोजी सारांशाने प्रकाशित झालेला लेख मूळ स्वरूपात.)

अलिकडेच महाराष्ट्र लोकसेवा आयोगाने राज्यातील स्पर्धा परीक्षा पुढे ढकलल्याचे आणि त्यामुळे उमेदवारांमध्ये नाराजी आणि असंतोष पसरल्याची वृत्ते प्रसिद्ध झाली आहेत. एव्हाना ही वृत्ते नित्याचीच बाब झालेली आहे. शासकीय पदावरील नियुक्त्याबाबत पदे भरली न जाणे, पदे भरण्याच्या जाहिराती विलंबाने येणे, जाहिरातीवर किंवा परीक्षावर शासकीय किंवा न्यायालयीन स्थगिती येणे, परीक्षा पुढे ढकलणे, निकाल लागण्यास कमालीची दिरंगाई होणे, निकाल लागल्यानंतर नियुक्त मिळण्यास कधी कधी वर्षापेक्षाही जास्त कालावधी लागणे आणि हे सर्व होऊ नये म्हणून उमेदवारांचे मोर्चे धरणे, त्यांची अगतिकता या बाबींनी महाराष्ट्र ग्रासलेला आहे. संघ लोकसेवा आयोगाकडून घेतल्या जाणाऱ्या देश पातळीवरील स्पर्धा परीक्षांच्या बाबतीत अशा बाबी ऐकिवात येत नाहीत. हे असे का होत असावे हा प्रश्न सर्वसामान्यांना पडणे स्वाभाविक आहे. या समस्या का उद्भवतात आणि त्यांचे निराकरण शक्य नाही का ते समजून घेण्याचा प्रयत्न करूया.

शासकीय नोकऱ्या या देशातील बेरोजगारी दूर करण्यासाठी पुरेशा आहेत का? अलिकडेच आंतरराष्ट्रीय कामगार संघटनेने भारतातील सुमारे ९० टक्के रोजगार अनौपचारिक क्षेत्रात असून नियमित रोजगार फक्त १० टक्के असल्याचे दर्शविले आहे. त्या १० टक्क्यांमध्ये शासकीय नोकऱ्यांचे प्रमाण अत्यल्प आहे. त्यामुळे शासकीय नोकऱ्या या बेरोजगारीवरील उपाय म्हणून नव्हे तर त्य लोकशाहीतील प्रशासकीय व्यवस्था सुदृढतेने चालविण्याची यंत्रणा असे त्याचे स्वरूप आहे. प्रशासकीय गरजानुसार पदांची संख्या ठरविली जाते. अर्थात त्यामध्ये सामाजिक दुर्बल घटकांना लोकशाहीतील निर्णय प्रक्रियेत सामावून घेणे हा देखील एक विषय आहे. प्रशासकीय व्यवस्था मजबूत ठेवून जनसामान्यांचे जीवनमान सुरळीत ठेवण्यासाठी शासनाअंतर्गत रिक्त पदे राहूच नयेत असे अभिप्रेत आहे.

तथापि, शासकीय नोकरीतील स्थैर्यता, समाजाभिमुख काम करण्याची आस आणि नोकरीची संधी म्हणून तरुण आणि विशेषतः ग्रामीण भागातील तरुण आकर्षित होतात. ते स्पर्धा परीक्षा तयारी, प्रत्यक्ष परीक्षा याकरीता पुण्यासारख्या शहरात येऊन जीवनाची ऐन उमेदीतील ४-५ वर्ष व्यतीत करत असतात. त्यांची कौटुंबिक आर्थिक स्थिती कमकुवत असते. शहरातील वास्तव्यातील दैनंदिन खर्च, क्लासेसचा खर्च इत्यादीमुळे कुटुंबाची आर्थिक स्थिती आणखी खालावते आणि एक मानसिक तणाव निर्माण होतो. परीक्षा विलंबाने झाल्या तर खर्च आणि तणाव त्य प्रमाणात वाढत जातो. यातील अन्य भयानक वास्तव म्हणजे स्पर्धा परीक्षांमध्ये उमेदवारांची आणि पदांची संख्या यामध्ये इतकी तफावत असते की प्रत्यक्षात नोकरी मिळणारांची टक्केवारी अपूर्णाकात यावी. हे सर्व दृष्टचक्र थांबवता येणार नाही का? एकतर, रोजगाराच्या संधीसाठी शासकीय नोकऱ्या हे व्यापक क्षेत्र नसले तरी तेथे भरपूर संधी आहेत. त्यामुळे शासनाने जी पदे निर्माण केलेली आहेत ती रिक्त राहणारच नाहीत हे धोरण काटेकोरपणे पाळले पाहिजे. या धोरणानुसार प्रत्येक वर्षाच्या सप्टेंबर महिन्यात पुढील वर्षी निवृत्ती, पदोन्नती इत्यादीमुळे रिक्त होणाऱ्या या पदांचा आढावा घेऊन त्या संख्येत सर्व निवड प्रक्रिया पार पडून पदोन्नतीने अथवा सरळ सेवेने अधिकारी व कर्मचारी उपलब्ध ठेवून ज्या दिवशी पदे रिक्त होतील त्याच्या दुसऱ्या दिवसापासून भरले गेले जावे. हा आढावा होतो किंवा नाही ते पाहण्याची अंतिम जबाबदारी लोकप्रतिनिधींची नसून प्रशासकीय नेतृत्व म्हणून मुख्य सचिवांची आहे. तसे होते का? उत्तर सोपे आहे; तसे होत नसावे म्हणूनच या सर्व समस्या! वास्तविकत: ही एक सोपी प्रक्रिया आहे. त्यात आणखी सुदृढता आणि पारदर्शकता आणण्यासाठी प्रत्येक तालुक्यातील सर्व शासकीय विभागात किती पदे निर्माण केली गेली आहेत आणि त्यापैकी किती पदे रिक्त आहेत ह्याची आकडेवारी दरवर्षी सप्टेंबरमध्ये जिल्हाधिकारी यांनी स्थानिक आमदारांना उपलब्ध करून दिली, तर ते देखील रिक्त पदे भरण्याबाबत शासनावर दबाव आणू शकतात.

दुसरी महत्त्वाची बाब म्हणजे पदोन्नतीची पदे तर भरली जाण्यास काहीही प्रत्यवाय नसतो. ही पदे भरली गेली तर सरळ सेवेची पदे उपलब्ध होऊन त्याचा फायदा बाह्य उमेदवारांना होतो. पण राज्यातील अशी हजारो पदे केवळ संबंधित खात्याच्या सचिवांच्या नाकर्तेपणामुळे रिक्त राहून बेरोजगार तरुण नोकऱ्यांपासून वंचित राहतात.

तिसरी आणि सर्वात महत्वाची बाब म्हणजे दरवर्षी एक जानेवारीपूर्वी त्या वर्षांची सरळसेवा पदावर नियुक्त होणाऱ्या उमेदवारांची निवडसूची करून त्यांना रिक्त होणाऱ्या पदावर नियुक्तीसाठी याद्या तयार ठेवणे. पूर्वी जेंव्हा संगणक किंवा संगणक प्रणाली नव्हत्या लोकसेवा आयोग आणि अन्य शासकीय यंत्रणाकडून कोणत्याही गोंधळाशिवाय नियमित परीक्षाअत्यंत विनासायास पार पाडल्याजायच्या. आता संगणक आणि संगणक प्रणालीसारखे तंत्रज्ञान प्रगत झाले असताना मोठे गोंधळ निर्माण का होतात, प्रश्नपत्रिका फुटणे,अन्य गैरप्रकार होणे, प्रचंड विलंब होणे, खासगी यंत्रणेवर गैरप्रकाराचे आरोप होणे असे प्रकार घडतात हे प्रशासकीय अपयश होय. या बाबीमुळे उमेदवारांना अतोनात त्रास होतो आणि तो त्रास वर्षानुवर्षे चालू आहे.या सर्व त्रासास केवळ लोकसेवा आयोग, मुख्य सचिव आणि संबंधित खात्यांच्या सचिवांचे पाप किंवा प्रशासकीय दौर्बल्य किंवा निगरगट्टपणा कारणीभूत आहे! जर मुख्यसचिवांनी आणि लोकसेवा आयोगाने ठरविले तर हे प्रश्न अस्तित्वातच राहणार आहे नाहीत. चौथी बाब म्हणजे न्यायालयाचा हस्तक्षेप. हा हस्तक्षेप सेवा प्रवेशातील त्रुटी आणि आरक्षणाबाबत शासनाचे बदलणारे धोरण यामुळे प्रामुख्याने होतो. देशाला स्वातंत्र्य मिळून ७५ वर्ष झाली तरी प्रगल्भ सचिव. बिनचूक सेवा प्रवेश नियम बनवू शकत नसतील तर ते राज्यातील १४ कोटी जनतेचे दुर्दैव होय. निवडणूक प्रक्रिया सुरू झाल्यानंतर त्यामध्ये कोणतेही न्यायालय हस्तक्षेप करणार नाही अशी वैधानिक तरतूद आहे. त्याच धर्तीवर जाहिरात दिल्यानंतर निवड प्रक्रियेत न्यायालय हस्तक्षेप करू शकणार नाहीत असा कायदा करावा असे मी दोन वर्षापूर्वी उपाय म्हणून सुचविला होता पण त्याची दखल घेण्यासाठी वेळ नसावा.

शेवटी, आपण एकविसाव्या शतकात आहोत याचे भान प्रशासनाने ठेवणे आवश्यक आहे. अत्यंत प्रभावी संगणकप्रणाली बाजारात उपलब्ध आहेत. त्याचा वापर करून शासकीय, निमशासकीय कार्यालयातील सर्व म्हणजे वर्ग अ, ब, क आणि ड या सर्व पदांसाठी खाजगीकरांतून नव्हे तर लोकसेवा आयोगामार्फत दरवर्षी फक्त एकच सामायिक परीक्षा घ्यावी. परिक्षेतील आणि मुलाखतीतील गुण पदांची उमेदवारांची प्राधान्यता, शैक्षणिक पात्रता, भौगोलिक गरज इ चा संगणक प्रणालीचा वापर करून संबंधित पदासाठी उमेदवार निवड व्हावी. उमेदवार निवड झाल्याच्या दुसऱ्या दिवशी नियुक्तिपत्रे वितरीत होवू शकतील ह्याची तजवीज ठेवावी. हे शक्य आहे का? अर्थात निश्चितपणे शक्य आहे! केवळ राज्याला लोकाभिमुख आणि प्रगल्भ मुख्य सचिव आणि सचिव असावेत!!

-महेश झगडे xIAS, माजी प्रधान सचिव, महाराष्ट्र शासन.

The Information Age:

Navigating the Assault on the Human Mind.

Introduction:

In the labyrinthine corridors of history, epochs are demarcated not only by the grandiose sweep of revolutions or the rise and fall of empires, but also by the subtler currents that shape the human experience. Among these currents, none is perhaps as pervasive or profound as the relentless assault of information that characterises our present age. From the advent of the internet to the ubiquity of smartphones, we find ourselves immersed in a sea of data, navigating its tumultuous waves with varying degrees of trepidation and awe.

The Weight of Information:

The human mind, once heralded as the pinnacle of cognitive prowess, now finds itself under siege, besieged by a ceaseless barrage of information. With each passing moment, we are bombarded by a cacophony of voices clamouring for attention, each vying for its moment in the spotlight of our consciousness. From social media updates to news alerts, from emails to text messages, the deluge of information is unrelenting, overwhelming our senses and inundating our minds.

Consider, for instance, the phenomenon of social media. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have revolutionised the way we communicate, connecting us to a global network of friends, family, and acquaintances with unprecedented ease and immediacy. Yet, for all their virtues, these platforms also inundate us with a never-ending stream of updates, notifications, and status updates, each vying for our attention and demanding our engagement.

Similarly, the rise of smartphones has transformed the way we access information, putting the sum total of human knowledge at our fingertips with a few taps of the screen. From news articles to Wikipedia entries, from YouTube videos to podcasts, the sheer volume and variety of information available to us is staggering, dwarfing the libraries of Alexandria in its scope and scale.

The Consequences of Information Overload:

Yet, for all its benefits, this torrent of information comes at a cost—a cost that is perhaps most keenly felt in the realm of creativity and innovation. For as our minds become increasingly inundated with information, they struggle to find the time and space for reflection, contemplation, and creative expression. The result is a stagnation of the human imagination, a stifling of the very creativity that has propelled our species forward throughout the ages.

Consider, for instance, the state of scientific progress in recent decades. While there have undoubtedly been countless advancements and breakthroughs in fields ranging from medicine to physics, many of these achievements can be traced back to the foundational work of earlier generations of scientists and inventors. Rare are the instances of truly revolutionary discoveries that fundamentally alter our understanding of the universe, with most progress coming in the form of incremental improvements upon existing knowledge.

Similarly, in the realms of literature and philosophy, the landscape is marked by a dearth of originality and innovation. Classic literary works and profound philosophical treatises are few and far between, overshadowed by a sea of derivative content and superficial commentary. The relentless pursuit of information consumption leaves little room for the kind of deep, introspective thought that gives rise to truly transformative ideas.

The Path Forward:

And yet, amidst the din of information overload, there remains a glimmer of hope—a recognition that true progress lies not in the accumulation of facts and figures, but in the cultivation of wisdom and insight. It is incumbent upon us, as stewards of the human intellect, to create an ecosystem that nurtures and sustains the creative impulse within us, allowing it to flourish in the fertile soil of the mind.

To achieve this, we must first acknowledge the detrimental effects of information overload on our cognitive well-being. We must recognise that the incessant pursuit of new information, while ostensibly enriching, can ultimately impoverish the mind, robbing it of the time and space it needs to incubate truly original ideas.

Next, we must actively cultivate practices that promote creativity and innovation. This may involve carving out dedicated time for reflection and contemplation, engaging in activities that stimulate the imagination, and fostering an environment that values experimentation and risk-taking.

Moreover, we must resist the temptation to equate productivity with busyness—to recognise that true creativity often emerges in moments of stillness and solitude, rather than in the frenetic hustle and bustle of modern life.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the assault of information on humanity may be unprecedented in its scale and scope, but it is not insurmountable. With courage, determination, and a commitment to the principles of creativity and innovation, we can reclaim control of our minds and chart a course towards a brighter, more enlightened future. For ultimately, it is not the volume of information that defines us as a species, but the depth of our understanding, the breadth of our compassion, and the richness of our imagination.

The Eternal Quest for Truth: Examining the Legacy of Mahatma Phule’s Satyashodhak Samaj in Modern Context

Introduction:

In the annals of history, the pursuit of truth has often been a contentious endeavor, challenged by societal norms, religious doctrines, and political agendas. In 1873, against the backdrop of colonial India, Mahatma Phule boldly established the Satyashodhak Samaj, a society dedicated to unraveling the truth and challenging entrenched beliefs. In an era when such pursuits were considered sacrilegious and antithetical to nationalist ideals, Phule’s initiative was revolutionary. However, as we navigate the complexities of the modern world, it begs the question: Is the pursuit of truth once more castigated as sacrilege?

Mahatma Phule and the Satyashodhak Samaj:

Mahatma Jyotirao Phule, a prominent social reformer in 19th-century India, envisioned a society free from the shackles of caste discrimination, gender inequality, and religious dogma. His seminal work, “Gulamgiri” (Slavery), challenged the hierarchical caste system and advocated for social justice and education for the oppressed classes. Phule’s beliefs were deeply rooted in the pursuit of truth, which he saw as essential for the liberation of society from ignorance and injustice.

In 1873, Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj, or the Society of Seekers of Truth, with the aim of promoting rational thinking, social equality, and scientific inquiry. The Samaj provided a platform for individuals to question prevailing beliefs, challenge traditional customs, and advocate for progressive ideals. Through publications, public lectures, and grassroots activism, Phule and his followers sought to dismantle oppressive structures and foster a more egalitarian society based on reason and compassion.

The Challenges of Truth-Seeking:

Despite its noble intentions, the Satyashodhak Samaj faced fierce opposition from conservative forces within Indian society. Brahminical orthodoxy, colonial authorities, and even some nationalist leaders viewed Phule’s endeavors with suspicion, fearing that his advocacy for truth and social equality would disrupt the status quo and undermine their authority. Phule and his followers endured persecution, censorship, and social ostracism as they challenged entrenched power structures and advocated for marginalized communities.

In contemporary discourse, the pursuit of truth continues to face obstacles and opposition, albeit in different forms. In an age of misinformation, echo chambers, and ideological polarization, the quest for truth is often overshadowed by subjective narratives, partisan agendas, and vested interests. Social media platforms, once hailed as bastions of free expression and information exchange, have become breeding grounds for misinformation, propaganda, and echo chambers, where truth is often obscured by sensationalism and clickbait headlines.

The Role of Truth in Modern Society:

In an era marked by global crises, technological advancements, and socio-political upheavals, the importance of truth cannot be overstated. From climate change and public health to economic inequality and human rights, the pursuit of truth is essential for informed decision-making, accountability, and social progress. However, the dissemination of misinformation, conspiracy theories, and propaganda undermines trust in institutions, erodes democratic norms, and exacerbates societal divisions.

Moreover, the weaponization of truth for political gain, corporate interests, and ideological agendas further complicates the quest for truth in the digital age. As public discourse becomes increasingly polarized and tribalistic, facts are often distorted, manipulated, or outright ignored to suit partisan narratives and advance ideological agendas. In such a climate, the pursuit of truth is not only marginalized but also vilified as a threat to entrenched power structures and vested interests.

In conclusion, the legacy of Mahatma Phule and the Satyashodhak Samaj serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of truth in the pursuit of social justice, equality, and human dignity. In an age where truth is often obscured by misinformation, propaganda, and partisan agendas, Phule’s commitment to truth-seeking remains as relevant as ever. As we confront the challenges of the modern world, let us heed the lessons of history and uphold the pursuit of truth as a sacred and noble endeavor worthy of our collective aspiration. Only by embracing truth and rejecting falsehood can we hope to build a more just, equitable, and enlightened society for future generations.

The Essence of Electoral Responsibility: A Call to Enlightened Voting

In the heart of the world’s largest democracy, India, lies the pulsating rhythm of electoral fervor. With each stride towards the ballot box, millions of citizens embark on a journey that shapes the destiny of a nation. Yet, amidst the cacophony of political rallies and promises, there exists a fundamental truth often obscured by the dazzle of democratic spectacle: the essence of electoral responsibility transcends the mere act of casting a vote—it is a solemn duty to discern, to evaluate, and to choose wisely for the collective welfare of the nation.

As India gears up for yet another general election to elect its representatives to the esteemed Lok Sabha, it is imperative for the 97 crore eligible voters to grasp a pivotal reality: our Constitutional Representative Democracy is inherently intertwined with the dynamics of Party Democracy. In essence, while we exercise our democratic right to elect individuals to represent us in the hallowed halls of governance, we are, in effect, entrusting the reins of power to the political party or its paramount leader.

In a nation as diverse and dynamic as India, the stakes of electoral decision-making are monumental. Each vote cast reverberates through the corridors of power, shaping policies, charting courses, and influencing the very fabric of society. Hence, the imperative lies not merely in selecting a representative but in discerning the ethos and ideology that underpin the political party or its supreme leader vying for ascendancy.

The hallmark of responsible voting lies in the sagacious evaluation of the suitability or unsuitability of a political party or its leader for the nation’s overarching interests. This entails a holistic assessment of their vision, integrity, track record, and commitment to the cherished ideals enshrined in the Constitution. For the destiny of a nation is not shaped by whimsical choices but by the collective wisdom and foresight of its electorate.

To embark on this discerning journey, it is incumbent upon every citizen to engage in informed discourse, to delve beyond the veneer of populist rhetoric, and to seek enlightenment amidst the cacophony of political discourse. It is not merely a duty confined to the solitary confines of the polling booth but a collective endeavor that necessitates dialogue, debate, and deliberation within the familial, social, and communal spheres.

As custodians of democracy, it is incumbent upon each one of us to internalize the profound impact of our electoral choices. For the trajectory of a nation’s progress hinges upon the collective conscience of its citizens, upon their unwavering commitment to uphold the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.

To this end, the onus rests upon every citizen to meticulously elucidate the essence of electoral responsibility to their family, relatives, and acquaintances. It is not merely a call to action but a clarion call to awaken the dormant spirit of civic duty, to ignite the flame of conscientious citizenship, and to forge a collective resolve to steer the ship of the state towards the shores of prosperity and progress.

The ramifications of improper voting reverberate far beyond the confines of the electoral cycle. It engenders a perilous descent into the abyss of mediocrity, inefficacy, and stagnation. It dilutes the sanctity of democratic principles, undermines the edifice of governance, and erodes the very foundations of the nation’s integrity.

Conversely, right voting constitutes the cornerstone of a vibrant, resilient, and progressive democracy. It breathes life into the veins of governance, infuses vigor into the corridors of power, and fosters an environment conducive to the realization of the nation’s highest aspirations.

In conclusion, as India braces itself for the impending electoral exercise, let us heed the clarion call of electoral responsibility. Let us transcend the confines of partisan allegiance and embrace the mantle of conscientious citizenship. For in the crucible of democracy, every ballot cast is not merely an act of pressing a button on EVM but a beacon of hope, a testament to the indomitable spirit of a nation marching towards a brighter tomorrow.

The Evolutionary Legacy and Modern Perils: The Onslaught of Sugar upon Human Health

Introduction:

The annals of human existence stretch back approximately 25 lakh years, a temporal odyssey wherein our kind navigated the currents of time, evolving in tandem with the natural milieu, adept at overcoming the challenges posed by the untamed wilderness. Central to this adaptive journey was the practice of consuming unprocessed sustenance, a behavior etched into our biological fabric through the intricate process of evolution. However, a seismic transformation unfurled over the past four millennia, as humanity shifted from a regimen of raw nourishment to an indulgence in refined victuals, notably sugar. This metamorphosis has birthed a health conundrum, with sugar emerging as a formidable adversary to human well-being. The origins of this quandary extend beyond individual choices to the very heart of our economic edifice, where an insatiable thirst for profit propels the dissemination of health hazards induced by sugar. Governments and medical practitioners, erstwhile guardians of public health, now find themselves relegated to mere spectators. Let us delve into the evolutionary trajectory of human nutrition, the repercussions of the sugar onslaught on health, and the socio-economic factors that sustain this crisis. It underscores the pressing need for corrective measures by food regulators, medical professionals, and influencers to forestall an irreversible course.

1. The Odyssey

The evolutionary chronicle of humankind spans millions of years, a saga marked by adaptation and tenacity in the face of environmental exigencies. At the heart of this adaptation lies the human diet, initially dominated by the consumption of uncooked sustenance. Nevertheless, the last approximately 4000 years have witnessed a departure from this evolutionary norm, with the advent of refined victuals, especially sugar, ushering in an epoch fraught with health risks. Let us scrutinize the evolutionary progression of human nutrition, the injurious effects of sugar consumption, and the complicity of market forces in perpetuating this crisis.

2. Evolutionary Foundations: Consumption of Raw Fare

The journey of human evolution is intricately interwoven with dietary adjustments. For around 25 lakh years, our forebears flourished in the wilderness, subsisting on unprocessed food sources. This prolonged era of consuming raw victuals played a pivotal role in shaping the human digestive system and metabolic processes. The abundance of fiber, essential nutrients, and enzymes in raw foods were crucial for the optimal functioning of the human body.

2.1. Biological Accommodations to Raw Nourishment

Evolutionary biology posits that the human digestive system adapted to the consumption of raw, fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and lean meats. Natural selection favored individuals endowed with digestive enzymes proficient in breaking down raw foods, ensuring the absorption of vital nutrients and contributing to the robust health of our ancestors.

2.2. Nutritional Merits of Raw Food

Raw foods inherently abound in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, fostering overall well-being and bolstering resistance to diseases. The absence of processing and cooking preserves the nutritional integrity of these foods, facilitating the absorption of essential nutrients by the human body. The proclivity for consuming raw food aligns with the nutritional requisites of our species, as evidenced by the robust health of hunter-gatherer societies.

3. The Sugar Revolution: A Modern Onslaught on Health

The advent of agriculture some 10,000 to 12,000 years ago marked a pivotal shift in human dietary practices. While the cultivation of grains and domestication of animals broadened the array of food options, it was the last 2500 years that witnessed the introduction of refined sugars, heralding a revolution in human nutrition. The first chemically refined sugar made its debut in India approximately 2,500 years ago. Subsequently, the technique traversed eastward towards China and westward towards Persia and the early Islamic worlds, ultimately reaching the Mediterranean in the 13th century. Cyprus and Sicily emerged as pivotal centers for sugar production. In the Middle Ages, sugar was deemed a rare and opulent spice, rather than an everyday condiment. Sugar, once a luxury reserved for the elite, has metamorphosed into a ubiquitous element in the modern diet, ushering in a cascade of health predicaments.

3.1. The Ascendance of Sugar Consumption

Historically, sugar was a scarce commodity, derived from sources like sugarcane and honey. Nonetheless, advancements in agriculture and trade democratized access to sugar, integrating it as a integral component of the average diet. The Industrial Revolution further expedited sugar production, resulting in its widespread availability and affordability.

3.2. Health Ramifications of Sugar Consumption

The shift from unprocessed to refined foods, particularly the surge in sugar consumption, has been linked to a myriad of health issues.

Sugar is often perceived as an innocuous indulgence, but recent research suggests its potential lethality surpassing that of a bullet. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, excessive sugar intake escalates the risk of heart disease, stroke, and various other health maladies, positioning it as a leading cause of global mortality. The researchers posit that surpassing 25 grams of added sugar per day, roughly 6 teaspoons, significantly elevates the risk of health complications. This is a relatively modest amount, given that a solitary can of soda contains approximately 40 grams of sugar.

Excessive sugar intake is correlated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular ailments, and dental issues. The elevated fructose content in sugar contributes to metabolic dysfunction, detrimentally impacting liver health. Moreover, sugar consumption is implicated in the burgeoning prevalence of non-communicable diseases, presenting a substantial public health challenge. In 2019, diabetes directly caused 1.5 million deaths, with 48% occurring before the age of 70. An additional 460,000 kidney disease deaths were attributable to diabetes, and elevated blood glucose contributed to roughly 20% of cardiovascular deaths.

As per the WHO fact sheet, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) stand as the primary cause of global mortality, accounting for 71% of all deaths. Within the WHO European Region, almost 90% of all deaths are attributed to NCD-related morbidity and mortality. An unhealthy diet ranks among the four principal behavioral risk factors for NCDs. Obesity, a malady in its own right, concurrently serves as a major risk factor for several NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Over 59% of adults and an escalating proportion of children in the Region grapple with overweight and obesity. The excessive intake of free sugars jeopardizes the nutritional quality of the diet, imparting substantial energy devoid of commensurate nutritional benefits, thereby fostering unhealthy weight gain and heightening the risk of overweight, obesity, and other NCDs. Moreover, excessive sugar intake precipitates dental caries and its attendant health ramifications.

Approximately 184,000 deaths annually can be attributed to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) globally. Epidemiological and decision models serve as indispensable tools for estimating the disease burden.

4. The Role of the Market Economy: Prioritizing Profits over Health

The exponential surge in sugar consumption is not a mere consequence of individual choices but is deeply entrenched in the fabric of our market economy. The food industry, propelled by an unquenchable thirst for profit, assumes a pivotal role in endorsing and perpetuating the sugar-laden diet. The market’s fixation on inexpensive, processed foods

laden with sugars and additives reflects a disregard for public health in the relentless pursuit of financial gain.

4.1. Profit-Centric Practices of the Food Industry

The food industry strategically employs marketing, product innovation, and flavor manipulation to craft addictive and palatable products. Highly processed foods, replete with sugars and synthetic additives, inundate the market, captivating consumers and contributing to the global health crisis. The profit-centric model prioritizes shelf stability, taste, and convenience over nutritional value, exacerbating the prevalence of health hazards induced by sugar.

4.2. Government and Medical Inertia

Governments and medical professionals, entrusted with the guardianship of public health, have largely assumed a passive stance in the face of the sugar epidemic. Regulatory frameworks frequently lag behind the swift evolution of the food industry, permitting the unhindered proliferation of sugary products. The medical community, while cognizant of the health risks associated with sugar, is often constricted by systemic factors that curtail their capacity to effect meaningful change.

5. The Sugar Menace: Surpassing Tobacco

The gravity of the sugar-induced health crisis is exemplified by its outstripping of tobacco as a primary cause of preventable diseases and fatalities. While the detrimental effects of tobacco have undergone extensive scrutiny and ameliorative efforts, the sugar epidemic continues to escalate, exacting a toll greater than any other dietary malefactor. The addictive allure of sugar, coupled with its omnipresence in processed foods, amplifies the severity of the crisis.

5.1. Comparative Examination: Sugar vs. Tobacco

Studies posit that excessive sugar consumption is a significant contributor to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, collectively surpassing the health burden imposed by tobacco use. The accessibility and societal acceptance of sugary products further contribute to the pervasive nature of this health crisis. Despite mounting evidence linking sugar to chronic diseases, public awareness remains inadequate, exacerbating the challenge.

6. The Nexus of Sugar, Pharmaceuticals, and Healthcare Profits

The sugar epidemic not only bestows lucrative profits upon the food industry but also provides opportunities for the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors to capitalize on resultant health crises. The surge in chronic diseases linked to sugar consumption fuels the demand for pharmaceutical interventions and medical treatments. This symbiotic relationship between the sugar-laden diet, healthcare costs, and pharmaceutical profits underscores the multifaceted nature of the crisis.

6.1. The Role of the Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry, positioned to address the health consequences of sugar consumption, stands to benefit from the perpetuation of the crisis. Medications designed to manage diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity become indispensable components of treatment plans, contributing to the economic growth of the pharmaceutical sector. This economic interdependence raises ethical questions regarding the motivations behind addressing the root causes of the sugar epidemic.

6.2. Healthcare Profits and Sugar-Related Maladies

As the prevalence of sugar-related diseases escalates, healthcare systems witness a surge in the demand for medical services. Doctors, in turn, experience a rise in patient visits and treatments, translating into financial gains. While healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in managing the health consequences of sugar consumption, the economic incentives associated with treating rather than preventing these conditions raise concerns about the prioritization of profit over public health.

7. The Call for Course Correction: A Collective Responsibility

The escalating sugar-induced health crisis demands a collective and expeditious response from food regulators, medical practitioners, and social influencers. Governments must enact stringent regulations to curb the marketing and production of sugary products, prioritizing public health over corporate interests. Medical professionals should engage in proactive education and advocacy, empowering the public to make informed dietary choices.

7.1. Regulatory Revisions

Regulatory bodies must evolve to keep pace with the dynamic nature of the food industry. Stringent labeling requirements, restrictions on marketing to vulnerable populations, and taxation on sugary products can serve as efficacious measures to curb excessive sugar consumption. Collaborative efforts between governments, health organizations, and the food industry are essential to institute comprehensive regulatory reforms.

7.2. Medical Advocacy and Education

Medical professionals, as trusted repositories of health information, must actively engage in public education regarding the risks of excessive sugar consumption. Integrating nutritional education into medical curricula and incorporating dietary counseling into routine patient care can empower individuals to make healthier choices. Additionally, healthcare providers should advocate for policy changes that prioritize preventive measures over reactive treatments.

7.3. The Role of Social Influencers

In the digital era, social influencers wield considerable sway over public opinions and behaviors. Collaborations between health organizations and influencers can leverage social media platforms to disseminate accurate information about the health consequences of sugar consumption. By fostering a culture of wellness and promoting responsible dietary choices, influencers can contribute to a societal shift away from the current sugar-laden norm.

A Clarion Call for Humanity

The assault of sugar on human health is a multifaceted crisis rooted in the intersection of evolutionary biology, market forces, and societal choices. The deviation from the consumption of raw food to the contemporary sugar-laden diet represents a departure from our evolutionary heritage, with profound implications for public health. Governments, medical professionals, and social influencers must unite in a concerted effort to address the root causes of the sugar epidemic, steering humanity away from the precipice of irreparable damage. The time for action is now, as the consequences of inaction threaten to exacerbate the crisis to a point of no return. The wake-up call for humanity is clear – a collective commitment to prioritizing health over profit is imperative to secure a healthier and sustainable future for generations to come.

Mahesh Zagade, IASx

I act because I must….

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